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Early-life environment and human capital: evidence from the Philippines

机译：早期环境和人力资本：来自菲律宾的证据

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This study examines how human capital develops in response to early-life weather and pollution exposures in the Philippines. Both pollution and weather are examined in relation to short- and long-term human capital outcomes. We combine a three-decade longitudinal survey measuring human capital development, a database of historical weather, and multiple databases characterizing carbon monoxide and ozone in the Philippines during the 1980s. We find evidence that extreme precipitation and temperature affect short-term anthropometric outcomes, but long-term outcomes appear unaffected. For long-term cognitive outcomes, we find that early-life pollution exposures negatively affect test scores and schooling. These long-term responses to early-life pollution exposures extend to the labor market with reduced hours worked and earnings. The implication is that a 25 per cent reduction in early-life ozone exposure would increase per person discounted lifetime earnings by $1,367, which would scale to $2.05 billion at the national level (or 2 per cent of 2005 GDP).
机译：本研究探讨了人力资本如何应对菲律宾早期天气和污染暴露的发展。污染和天气都是关于短期和长期人力资本成果的审查。我们将三十多年的纵向调查衡量人力资本开发，历史天气数据库，以及在20世纪80年代在菲律宾在菲律宾中表征一氧化碳和臭氧的多个数据库。我们发现证据表明，极端的降水和温度影响短期人体计量结果，但长期结果不受影响。对于长期认知结果，我们发现早期污染暴露会对考试成绩和学校教育产生负面影响。对早期污染暴露的这些长期回应延伸到劳动力市场，减少了工作时间和收益。这一含义是，早期臭氧暴露的减少25％，每人折扣寿命增加1,367美元，该款项将扩大到国家一级（或2005年的2％）的250亿美元。

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