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Impacts of off-farm employment on groundwater irrigation in North China

机译：华北地区非农就业对地下水灌溉的影响

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This study examines the relationship between groundwater irrigation and off-farm employment with a set of household level data collected in North China. The results provide evidence that off-farm employment reduces both time spent on irrigation in terms of total hours of irrigation and the amount of groundwater pumped. However, these effects have not resulted in losses of crop production. In fact, water productivity measured as output value produced per m(3) of groundwater pumped is higher among households with off-farm employment. These seemingly contradictory findings are explained by the increased use of water-saving technologies such as furrow irrigation, underground pipes and/or lined canals. These technologies reduce seepage losses during the conveyance of groundwater as well as during irrigation of the fields. As a result, less groundwater needs to be pumped to achieve the same level of groundwater irrigation application rate in the field.
机译：这项研究利用在华北地区收集的一系列家庭水平数据，研究了地下水灌溉与非农就业之间的关系。结果提供了证据，证明非农就业减少了灌溉总时间和减少了抽水量。但是，这些影响并未导致农作物减产。实际上，在非农就业家庭中，以每m（3）抽取的地下水产生的产值衡量的水生产率更高。这些看似矛盾的发现可以通过节水灌溉技术，沟灌，地下管道和/或带衬砌的渠道等节水技术的增加使用来解释。这些技术减少了地下水输送以及田间灌溉期间的渗漏损失。结果，在田间需要泵送较少的地下水即可达到相同水平的地下水灌溉施用率。

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