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Multiple equilibria, soil conservation investments, and the resilience of agricultural systems

机译：多重均衡，水土保持投资和农业系统的复原力

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摘要

This paper provides a new explanation for the persistent land degradation in some parts of the world, despite the availability of seemingly effective soil conservation technologies. We demonstrate that soil conservation technologies may induce agricultural systems to exhibit equilibria characterized by both low and high levels of soil degradation. These two equilibria are separated by a threshold level of soil degradation beyond which a conservation investment will not yield a positive return. Once a parcel of land crosses this productivity threshold, soil degradation becomes economically irreversible (it is not profitable to invest in soil conservation) even though the degradation may be technically reversible. A case study of terracing investments in Peru is used to demonstrate the existence of multiple equilibria under conditions typical of many marginal agricultural areas. These findings help explain why attempts to encourage permanent adoption of soil conservation practices often fail, and how more successful policies could be designed.
机译：尽管提供了看似有效的土壤保护技术，但本文为世界上某些地区持续的土地退化提供了新的解释。我们证明了土壤保护技术可能会导致农业系统表现出以低水平和高水平的土壤退化为特征的平衡。这两个平衡由土壤退化的阈值水平分开，超过阈值水平的土壤保护投资将不会产生正收益。一旦一块土地超过了生产力极限，即使土地退化在技术上是可逆的，但土地退化在经济上是不可逆的（投资于土壤保护是无利可图的）。通过对秘鲁梯田投资的案例研究，可以证明在许多边缘农业地区所特有的条件下，存在多重均衡。这些发现有助于解释为什么鼓励永久采用土壤保护措施的尝试经常失败，以及如何设计更成功的政策。

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