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首页> 外文期刊>Environment international >Bioaccumulation and biotransformation of brominated and chlorinated contaminants and their metabolites in ringed seals (Pusa hispida) and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from East Greenland
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Bioaccumulation and biotransformation of brominated and chlorinated contaminants and their metabolites in ringed seals (Pusa hispida) and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from East Greenland

机译：东格陵兰岛的环斑海豹（Pusa hispida）和北极熊（Ursus maritimus）中溴和氯污染物及其代谢产物的生物富集和生物转化

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摘要

We report on the comparative bioaccumulation, biotransformation and/or biomagnification from East Greenland ringed seal {Pusa hispida) blubber to polar bear (Ursus maritimus) tissues (adipose, liver and brain) of various classes and congeners of persistent chlorinated and brominated contaminants and metabolic by-products: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlordanes (CHLs), hydroxyl (OH-) and methylsulfonyl (MeSO_2-) PCBs, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), OH-PBBs, polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) flame retardants and OH- and methoxyl (MeO-) PBDEs, 2,2-dichloro-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene (p,p'-DDE), 3-MeSO_2-p,p'-DDE, pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 4-OH-heptachlorostyrene (4-OH-HpCS). We detected all of the investigated contaminants in ringed seal blubber with high frequency, the main diet of East Greenland bears, with the exception of OH-PCBs and 4-OH-HpCS, which indicated that these phenolic contaminants were likely of metabolic origin and formed in the bears from accumulated PCBs and octachlorostyrene (OCS), respectively, rather than being bioaccumulated from a seal blubber diet. For all of the detectable sum of classes or individual organohalogens, in general, the ringed seal to polar bear mean BMFs for ΣPCBs, p.p'-DDE, ΣCHLs, ΣMeSO_2-PCBs, 3-MeSO_2-p,p'-DDE, PCP, ΣPBDEs, total-(α)-HBCD, ΣOH-PBDEs, ΣMeO-PBDEs and ΣOH-PBBs indicated that these organohalogens bioaccumu-late, and in some cases there was tissue-specific biomagnification, e.g., BMFs for bear adipose and liver ranged from 2 to 570. The blood-brain barrier appeared to be effective in minimizing brain accumulation as BMFs were <1 in the brain, with the exception of ΣOH-PBBs (mean BMF = 93±54). Unlike OH-PCB metabolites, OH-PBDEs in the bear tissues appeared to be mainly accumulated from the seal blubber rather than being metabolic formed from PBDEs in the bears. In vitro PBDE depletion assays using polar bear hepatic microsomes, wherein the rate of oxidative metabolism of PBDE congeners was very slow, supported the probability that accumulation from seals is the main source of OH-PBDEs in the bear tissues. Our findings demonstrated from ringed seal to polar bears that organohalogen biotransformation, bioaccumulation and/ or biomagnification varied widely and depended on the contaminant in question. Our results show the increasing complexity of bioaccumulated and in some cases biomagnified, chlorinated and brominated contaminants and/or metabolites from the diet may be a contributing stress factor in the health of East Greenland polar bears.
机译：我们报告了从东格陵兰环斑海豹（Pusa hispida）脂到北极熊（Ursus maritimus）组织（脂肪，肝和脑）的各种生物和持久性氯化和溴化污染物和同类污染物的比较生物富集，生物转化和/或生物放大作用副产物：多氯联苯（PCB），氯丹（CHL），羟基（OH-）和甲基磺酰基（MeSO_2-）PCB，多溴联苯（PBB），OH-PBB，多溴联苯醚（PBDE）和六溴环十二烷（HBCD）火焰阻燃剂和OH-和甲氧基（MeO-）PBDEs，2,2-二氯-双（4-氯苯基）乙烯（p，p'-DDE），3-MeSO_2-p，p'-DDE，五氯苯酚（PCP）和4-OH-七氯苯乙烯（4-OH-HpCS）。我们以高频率检测到环状密封润滑脂中所有调查的污染物，东格陵兰熊的主要饮食，除了OH-PCBs和4-OH-HpCS外，这表明这些酚类污染物很可能是代谢来源并形成的在熊体内分别来自多氯联苯和八氯苯乙烯（OCS），而不是从海豹脂肪饮食中生物累积。通常，对于所有可检测类别的总和或单个有机卤素，与北极熊的环状密封均指ΣPCB，p.p'-DDE，ΣCHL，ΣMeSO_2-PCB，3-MeSO_2-p，p'-DDE， PCP，ΣPBDEs，总-（α）-HBCD，ΣOH-PBDEs，ΣMeO-PBDEs和ΣOH-PBBs表明这些有机卤素具有生物蓄积性，在某些情况下存在组织特异性的生物放大作用，例如，熊脂肪和肝脏的BMF范围从2到570。血脑屏障似乎可以有效地最小化脑部积聚，因为ΣOH-PBBs（平均BMF = 93±54）除外，因为脑中BMFs <1。与OH-PCB代谢产物不同，熊组织中的OH-PBDEs似乎主要来自海豹脂肪，而不是由熊体内的PBDEs代谢形成。使用北极熊肝微粒体的体外PBDE耗竭测定法（其中PBDE同源物的氧化代谢速率非常慢）支持了从海豹体内积累是熊组织中OH-PBDEs的主要来源的可能性。我们的发现表明，从环状海豹到北极熊，有机卤素的生物转化，生物积累和/或生物放大倍数差异很大，并取决于所涉及的污染物。我们的结果表明，生物积累的复杂性不断增加，在某些情况下，饮食中生物放大，氯化和溴化的污染物和/或代谢产物可能是东格陵兰北极熊健康的压力因素。

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  • 来源
    《Environment international》 |2009年第8期|1118-1124|共7页
  • 作者

    Robert J. Letcher; Wouter A. Gebbink; Christian Sonne; Erik W. Born; Melissa A. McKinney; Rune Dietz;

  • 作者单位

    Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3 Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6;

    Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3 Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6;

    Department of Arctic Environment, National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;

    Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 570, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland, Denmark;

    Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3 Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6;

    Department of Arctic Environment, National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    east greenland; polar bears; ringed seals; brominated and chlorinated contaminants; metabolites; bioaccumulation; biomagnification;

    机译：东格陵兰北极熊;密封圈;溴和氯化污染物;代谢物生物蓄积生物放大;

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