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Contamination of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and relevant management in China

机译：中国持久性有机污染物的污染及相关管理

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The status of typical persistent organic pollutant (POP) contamination in many media (e.g., farm produce, soil, human milk, water, and sediments) was surveyed and China's relevant countermeasures for controlling POPs were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the proportion of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) to all kinds of pesticides has descended significantly since 1983 when the OCPs were forbidden from being used. The spatial distribution characteristic of pesticide application in the whole country was as follows: southeast > central > northwest. The pesticide residues in food with high fat and high protein content were more than that in foodstuffs. The residual concentration in soil in the whole country was as follows: south > central > north. Furthermore, in vegetable fields, the residual concentration was higher than that in crop fields. As for human milk, the retained amount tended to decrease. In the recent two decades, although the reduction was 81.5%, it was still higher than that in some developed European and American countries. The rank of the residual concentrations of OCPs in different media was: human milk > animal foodstuff > soil > vegetable food>water and sediment. The initial relevant POP management in China can be traced back to 1982 when the Ordinance of Pesticide Management was enacted. Now, environmental control of POPs in China is close to the international level. The legal management system of POPs can be divided into four facets, including 3 regulations, 6 ordinances, and 20 standards. However, on the whole, most of the existing regulations do not refer to POPs directly. Only some clauses mention POPs and lack pertinent, explicit statements on POP pollution and control. Legislation is urgently needed for more effective environmental management to enhance POP control.
机译：调查了多种媒介（农产品，土壤，人乳，水和沉积物）中典型持久性有机污染物（POP）的污染状况，并分析了中国控制持久性有机污染物的相关对策。结果表明，自1983年禁止使用OCP以来，有机氯农药（OCP）在各种农药中的比例已显着下降。全国农药施用的空间分布特征为：东南>中部>西北。高脂肪和高蛋白质含量食品中的农药残留量高于食品中的残留量。全国土壤中的残留浓度为：南>中>北。此外，在蔬菜田中，残留浓度高于在农田中。对于人乳，保留量倾向于减少。在最近的二十年中，虽然减少了81.5％，但仍高于某些欧美国家。不同介质中OCPs残留浓度的排序为：人乳>动物食品>土壤>蔬菜食品>水和沉积物。中国最初有关POP的管理可以追溯到1982年《农药管理条例》颁布时。现在，中国对持久性有机污染物的环境控制已接近国际水平。持久性有机污染物的法律管理体系可分为四个方面，包括3个法规，6个条例和20个标准。但是，总的来说，大多数现行法规并未直接涉及持久性有机污染物。只有一些条款提到了持久性有机污染物，而缺乏有关持久性有机污染物污染和控制的明确表述。迫切需要立法以进行更有效的环境管理，以加强对POP的控制。

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