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首页> 外文期刊>Environment international >Environmental behaviour and ecotoxicity of quantum dots at various trophic levels: A review
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Environmental behaviour and ecotoxicity of quantum dots at various trophic levels: A review

机译：营养级的量子点的环境行为和生态毒性：综述

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Despite the wide application of quantum dots (QDs) in electronics, pharmacy and nanomedicine, limited data is available on their environmental health risk. To advance our current understanding of the environmental impact of these engineered nanomaterials, the aimof this review is to give a detailed insight on the existing information concerning the behaviour, transformation and fate of QDs in the aquatic environment, as well as on its mode of action (MoA), ecotoxicity, trophic transfer and biomagnification at various trophic levels (micro-organisms, aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates). Data show that several types of Cd-based QDs, even at low concentrations (bmg Cd L-1), induce different toxic effects compared to their dissolved counterpart, indicating nano-specific ecotoxicity. QD ecotoxicity at different trophic levels is highly dependent on its physico-chemical properties, environmental conditions, concentration and exposure time, as well as, species, while UV irradiation increases its toxicity. The state of the art regarding the MoA of QDs according to taxonomic groups is summarised and illustrated. Accumulation and trophic transfer of QDs was observed in freshwater and seawater species, while limited biomagnification and detoxification processes were detected. Finally, current knowledge gaps are discussed and recommendations for future research identified. Overall, the knowledge available indicates that in order to develop sustainable nanotechnologies there is an urgent need to develop Cd-free QDs and new "core-shell-conjugate" QD structures. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：尽管量子点（QD）在电子，制药和纳米医学中得到了广泛应用，但有关其环境健康风险的数据却很少。为了加深我们对这些工程纳米材料对环境影响的当前理解，本文的目的是对有关水生环境中量子点的行为，转化和归宿及其作用方式的现有信息进行详细的分析。 （MoA），生态毒性，营养传递和各种营养水平（微生物，水生无脊椎动物和脊椎动物）的生物放大倍数。数据显示，几种类型的基于Cd的量子点，即使在低浓度下（bmg Cd L-1），与它们的溶解态对应物相比，也会引起不同的毒性作用，表明具有纳米特异性的生态毒性。 QD在不同营养级别的生态毒性高度依赖于其理化性质，环境条件，浓度和暴露时间以及物种，而UV辐射会增加其毒性。归纳和说明了根据分类组关于QD的MoA的最新技术。在淡水和海水物种中观察到了量子点的积累和营养转移，同时发现了有限的生物放大和解毒过程。最后，讨论了当前的知识差距，并提出了对未来研究的建议。总的来说，现有的知识表明，为了发展可持续的纳米技术，迫切需要开发无镉的量子点和新的“核-壳共轭”量子点结构。 （C）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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