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首页> 外文期刊>Environment international >Occurrence of organophosphorus flame retardants on skin wipes: Insight into human exposure from dermal absorption
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Occurrence of organophosphorus flame retardants on skin wipes: Insight into human exposure from dermal absorption

机译：擦拭巾上有机磷阻燃剂的出现：通过皮肤吸收了解人体暴露

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摘要

This study surveyed occurrences and influencing factors of organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) on skin surface. Skin wipe samples from palms, back-of-hands and forearms of 30 adults were collected by using gauze pads soaked in isopropyl alcohol in Beijing, China. Tris(chloropropyl) phosphate isomers (Sigma TCPP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) were the most abundant compounds with detection frequencies higher than 97%. Sigma TCPP showed the highest mean level (4.6 mu g/m(2)), followed by TPHP (2.4 mu g/m(2)) and TCEP (1.6 mu g/m(2)). Levels on palms were slightly higher than on back-of-hands, and both were substantially higher than those on forearms. TCEP and Sigma TCPP levels were strong reliable in three repeated measurements from 4 participants over a three month period (intraclass correlation of coefficient of 0.91 and 0.95, respectively), while TPHP levels were not. Washing with soap and water removed a large fraction of PFRs on hands with median reduction of 76, 72 and 67% for TCEP, Sigma TCPP and TPHP, respectively. Paired dust samples, table surface wipe and hand wipe samples were collected from 17 offices (13 surface wipes and 22 hand wipes) in Beijing. Hand wipe TCEP, Sigma TCPP and TPHP were neither correlated with dust samples nor with table surface wipe samples. Two methods were used for dermal exposure assessments. The estimated lower median total exposure from palms, back-of-hands and forearms by the relative absorption method were 0.6, 1.0, 0.3 ng/kg BW-d for TCEP, STCPP and TPHP, respectively. These estimates were in the same range as those via dust ingestion for adults in Beijing, suggesting dermal absorption is likely a significant pathway of human PFR exposure. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
机译：这项研究调查了皮肤表面有机磷阻燃剂（PFRs）的发生及其影响因素。在中国北京，使用浸有异丙醇的纱布垫收集了30名成年人的手掌，手背和前臂的皮肤擦拭样本。磷酸三（氯丙基）酯异构体（Sigma TCPP），磷酸三（2-氯乙基）酯（TCEP）和磷酸三苯酯（TPHP）是最丰富的化合物，检测频率高于97％。 Sigma TCPP显示最高平均水平（4.6μg / m（2）），其次是TPHP（2.4μg / m（2））和TCEP（1.6μg / m（2））。手掌上的水平面略高于手背，而且都大大高于前臂。 TCEP和Sigma TCPP水平在三个月的时间内对4位参与者进行了3次重复测量（三组内相关系数分别为0.91和0.95），具有极高的可靠性，而TPHP水平却没有。用肥皂和水清洗去除了手上的大部分PFR，TCEP，Sigma TCPP和TPHP的中值分别降低了76％，72％和67％。从北京的17个办公室（13个表面湿巾和22个手工湿巾）收集成对的灰尘样品，桌子表面擦拭物和手擦拭物样品。手动擦拭纸TCEP，Sigma TCPP和TPHP与灰尘样品或桌子表面擦拭样品均无关。两种方法用于皮肤接触评估。相对吸收法估计的TCEP，STCPP和TPHP的手掌，手背和前臂的总中位数较低暴露量分别为0.6、1.0、0.3 ng / kg BW-d。这些估计值与北京成年人通过粉尘摄入的估计值处于同一范围，这表明皮肤吸收可能是人类PFR暴露的重要途径。 （C）2016由Elsevier Ltd.出版

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environment international》 |2017年第1期|113-119|共7页
  • 作者

    Liu Xiaotu; Yu Gang; Cao Zhiguo; Wang Bin; Huang Jun; Deng Shubo; Wang Yujue;

  • 作者单位

    Tsinghua Univ, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing Key Lab Emerging Organ Contaminants Contr, Sch Environm, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China;

    Tsinghua Univ, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing Key Lab Emerging Organ Contaminants Contr, Sch Environm, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China;

    Henan Normal Univ, Sch Environm, Key Lab Yellow River & Huai River Water Environm, Minist Educ,Henan Key Lab Environm Pollut Control, Xinxiang 453007, Peoples R China;

    Tsinghua Univ, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing Key Lab Emerging Organ Contaminants Contr, Sch Environm, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China;

    Tsinghua Univ, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing Key Lab Emerging Organ Contaminants Contr, Sch Environm, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China;

    Tsinghua Univ, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing Key Lab Emerging Organ Contaminants Contr, Sch Environm, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China;

    Tsinghua Univ, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing Key Lab Emerging Organ Contaminants Contr, Sch Environm, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Organophosphorus flame retardants; Skin wipes; Dermal absorption; Human exposure;

    机译：有机磷阻燃剂;湿巾;皮肤吸收;人类暴露;

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