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首页> 外文期刊>Environment international >Residual hydrophobic organic contaminants in soil: Are they a barrier to risk-based approaches for managing contaminated land?
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Residual hydrophobic organic contaminants in soil: Are they a barrier to risk-based approaches for managing contaminated land?

机译：土壤中残留的疏水性有机污染物：它们是否成为基于风险的污染土地管理方法的障碍？

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Risk-based approaches to managing contaminated land, rather than approaches based on complete contaminant removal, have gained acceptance as they are likely to be more feasible and cost effective. Risk-based approaches aim to minimise risks of exposure of a specified contaminant to humans. However, adopting a risk-based approach over alternative overly-conservative approaches requires that associated uncertainties in decision making are understood and minimised. Irrespective of the nature of contaminants, a critical uncertainty is whether there are potential risks associated with exposure to the residual contaminant fractions in soil to humans and other ecological receptors, and how they should be considered in the risk assessment process. This review focusing on hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), suggests that there is significant uncertainty on the residual fractions of contaminants from risk perspectives. This is because very few studies have focused on understanding the desorption behaviour of HOCs, with few or no studies considering the influence of exposure-specific factors. In particular, it is not clear whether the exposure of soil associated HOCs to gastrointestinal fluids and enzyme processes release bound residues. Although, in vitro models have been used to predict PAH bioaccessibility, and chemical extractions have been used to determine residual fractions in various soils, there are still doubts about what is actually being measured. Therefore it is not certain which bioaccessibility method currently represents the best choice, or provides the best estimate, of in vivo PAH bioavailability. It is suggested that the fate and behaviour of HOCs in a wide range of soils, and that consider exposure-specific scenarios, be investigated. Exposure-specific scenarios are important for validation purposes, which may be useful for the development of standardised methods and procedures for HOC bioaccessibility determinations. Research is needed to propose the most appropriate testing methods and for assessing potential risks posed by residual fractions of HOCs. Such investigations may be useful for minimising uncertainties associated with a risk-based approach, so that consideration may then be given to its adoption on a global scale. This review critically appraises existing information on the bioavailability of HOC residues in soil to establish whether there may be risks from highly sequestered contaminant residues. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：基于风险的管理污染土地的方法，而不是基于完全去除污染物的方法，已经获得了认可，因为它们可能更可行且更具成本效益。基于风险的方法旨在最大程度地减少特定污染物对人类的暴露风险。但是，采用基于风险的方法而非替代的过于保守的方法，需要了解并最大程度地减少决策中的相关不确定性。无论污染物的性质如何，一个关键的不确定性是是否存在与人类和其他生态受体暴露于土壤中的残留污染物部分相关的潜在风险，以及在风险评估过程中应如何考虑这些潜在风险。这篇针对疏水性有机污染物（HOC），尤其是多环芳烃（PAHs）的综述表明，从风险的角度来看，污染物的残留分数存在很大的不确定性。这是因为很少有研究专注于了解HOC的解吸行为，而很少或没有考虑到特定于暴露因素的影响的研究。特别是，尚不清楚土壤相关HOC暴露于胃肠液和酶过程是否释放结合的残留物。尽管已使用体外模型来预测PAH的生物可及性，并已使用化学提取法确定各种土壤中的残留分数，但对于实际测量的内容仍存在疑问。因此，目前尚不确定哪种生物可及性方法代表了体内PAH生物利用度的最佳选择或提供了最佳估计。建议研究HOCs在多种土壤中的命运和行为，并考虑特定暴露情况。特定于暴露的情景对于验证目的很重要，这对于开发HOC生物可及性确定的标准化方法和程序可能很有用。需要进行研究以提出最合适的测试方法，并评估残留的HOCs构成的潜在风险。此类调查可能有助于最大程度地减少与基于风险的方法相关的不确定性，因此可以考虑在全球范围内采用该方法。这项审查严格评估了土壤中HOC残留物生物利用度的现有信息，以确定是否存在高度螯合的污染物残留物的风险。 （C）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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