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Including non-public data and studies in systematic reviews and systematic maps

机译：在系统评价和系统地图中包括非公开数据和研究

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摘要

Systematic reviews and maps should be based on the best available evidence, and reviewers should make all reasonable efforts to source and include potentially relevant studies. However, reviewers may not be able to consider all existing evidence, since some data and studies may not be publicly available. Including non-public studies in reviews provides a valuable opportunity to increase systematic review/map comprehensiveness, potentially mitigating negative impacts of publication bias. Studies may be non-public for many reasons: some may still be in the process of being published (publication can take a long time); some may not be published due to author/publisher restrictions; publication bias may make it difficult to publish non-significant or negative results. Here, we consider what forms these non-public studies may take and the implications of including them in systematic reviews and maps. Reviewers should carefully consider the advantages and disadvantages of including non-public studies, weighing risks of bias against benefits of increased comprehensiveness. As with all systematic reviews and maps, reviewers must be transparent about methods used to obtain data and avoid risks of bias in their synthesis. We make tentative suggestions for reviewers in situations where non-public data may be present in an evidence base. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：系统的评论和地图应基于可获得的最佳证据，并且评论者应尽一切合理努力来寻找并包括潜在的相关研究。但是，由于某些数据和研究可能无法公开获得，因此审稿人可能无法考虑所有现有证据。将非公开研究包括在评论中提供了一个宝贵的机会，可以提高系统的评论/地图综合性，从而可能减轻出版偏见的负面影响。研究可能是非公开的，其原因有很多：某些研究可能仍在出版中（出版可能需要很长时间）；由于作者/出版商的限制，有些可能无法出版；出版偏见可能使发布不重要或负面的结果变得困难。在这里，我们考虑这些非公开研究可能采取的形式，以及将其纳入系统评价和地图的含义。审稿人应仔细考虑包括非公开研究在内的利弊，权衡偏见风险和全面性提高带来的好处。与所有系统评价和地图一样，审阅者必须对用于获取数据的方法保持透明，并避免其合成中存在偏差的风险。在证据基础中可能存在非公开数据的情况下，我们为审稿人提供了初步建议。 （C）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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