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Review of nanomaterial aging and transformations through the life cycle of nano-enhanced products

机译：在纳米增强产品的生命周期中回顾纳米材料的老化和转变

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摘要

In the context of assessing potential risks of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), life cycle thinking can represent a holistic view on the impacts of ENPs through the entire value chain of nano-enhanced products from production, through use, and finally to disposal. Exposure to ENPs in consumer or environmental settings may either be to the original, pristine ENPs, or more likely, to ENPs that have been incorporated into products, released, aged and transformed. Here, key product-use related aging and transformation processes affecting ENPs are reviewed. The focus is on processes resulting in ENP release and on the transformation(s) the released particles undergo in the use and disposal phases of its product life cycle for several nanomaterials (Ag, ZnO, TiO2, carbon nanotubes, CeO2, SiO2 etc.). These include photochemical transformations, oxidation and reduction, dissolution, precipitation, adsorption and desorption, combustion, abrasion and biotransformation, among other biogeochemical processes. To date, few studies have tried to establish what changes the ENPs undergo when they are incorporated into, and released from, products. As a result there is major uncertainty as to the state of many ENPs following their release because much of current testing on pristine ENPs may not be fully relevant for risk assessment purposes. The goal of this present review is therefore to use knowledge on the life cycle of nano-products to derive possible transformations common ENPs in nano-products may undergo based on how these products will be used by the consumer and eventually discarded. By determining specific gaps in knowledge of the ENP transformation process, this approach should prove useful in narrowing the number of physical experiments that need to be conducted and illuminate where more focused effort can be placed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：在评估工程纳米颗粒（ENP）的潜在风险的背景下，生命周期思维可以代表从生产，使用到最终处置的整个纳米增强产品价值链中对ENP影响的整体看法。在消费者或环境中暴露于ENP的可能是原始的原始ENP，或更可能是已掺入产品，释放，老化和转化的ENP。在此，对影响ENP的与产品使用相关的关键老化和转换过程进行了回顾。重点在于导致ENP释放的过程以及释放的颗粒在其产品生命周期的使用和处置阶段经历的几种纳米材料（Ag，ZnO，TiO2，碳纳米管，CeO2，SiO2等）的转变。 。这些包括光化学转化，氧化和还原，溶解，沉淀，吸附和解吸，燃烧，磨损和生物转化以及其他生物地球化学过程。迄今为止，很少有研究试图确定ENP掺入产品或从产品中释放出来时所经历的变化。结果，许多ENP释放后的状态存在很大不确定性，因为当前对原始ENP进行的许多测试可能与风险评估目的并不完全相关。因此，本综述的目的是利用有关纳米产品生命周期的知识，根据消费者如何使用并最终丢弃这些产品，推导纳米产品中常见的ENP可能经历的转变。通过确定在ENP转换过程的知识上的具体差距，该方法应被证明有助于缩小需要进行的物理实验的数量，并阐明可以集中精力进行哪些工作。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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  • 来源
    《Environment international》 |2015年第4期|132-147|共16页
  • 作者

    Mitrano Denise M.; Motellier Sylvie; Clavaguera Simon; Nowack Bernd;

  • 作者单位

    EMPA, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Technol & Soc Lab, CH-9014 St Gallen, Switzerland;

    CEA, Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France;

    CEA, Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France;

    EMPA, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Technol & Soc Lab, CH-9014 St Gallen, Switzerland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Nanomaterials; Transformation; Aging; Nano-product; Life cycle;

    机译：纳米材料转变老化纳米产物生命周期;

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