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Fractional Integration Versus Structural Change: Testing the Convergence of CO_2 Emissions

机译:分数积分与结构变化的比较:测试CO_2排放的收敛

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This paper assesses the stochastic convergence of relative emissions within 28 OECD countries over the period 1950-2013. Using the local Whittle estimator and some of its variants we assess whether relative per capita missions are long memory processes which, although highly persistent, may revert to their mean/trend in the long run thereby indicating evidence of stochastic convergence. Furthermore, we test whether (possibly) slow convergence or the complete lack of it may be the result of structural changes to the deterministics of each of the relative per-capita emissions series by means of the tests of Berkes et al. (Ann Stat 1140-1165, 2006) and Mayoral (Oxford Bull Econ Stat 74(2):278-305, 2012). Our results show relatively weak support for stochastic convergence of emissions, indicating that only between 30 and 40% of the countries converge to the OECD average in a stochastic sense. This weak evidence disappears if we enlarge the sample to include 4 out of the 5 BRICS, indicating that our results are not robust to the inclusion of countries which are experiencing rates of growth which are far larger than those of the OECD members. Our results also decisively indicate that a slow or lack of convergence is not the results of a structural break in the relative emissions series.
机译:本文评估了1950-2013年间28个经合组织国家相对排放量的随机趋同性。使用局部的Whittle估计量及其一些变体,我们评估相对人均任务是否是长期记忆过程,尽管该过程高度持久,但从长远来看可能会恢复其均值/趋势,从而表明存在随机收敛的迹象。此外,我们通过Berkes等人的测试来测试(可能)缓慢收敛或完全没有收敛可能是结构性变化导致每个相对人均排放量序列的确定性的结果。 (Ann Stat 1140-1165,2006)和Mayoral(Oxford Bull Econ Stat 74(2):278-305,2012)。我们的结果表明,对排放的随机趋同的支持相对较弱,表明从随机意义上,只有30%到40%的国家收敛于OECD的平均值。如果我们将样本扩大到5个金砖国家中的4个,那么这种微弱的证据就会消失,这表明我们的结果对于将那些增长率远高于OECD成员国的国家包括在内并不可靠。我们的结果还决定性地表明,缓慢或缺乏收敛不是相对排放序列结构性中断的结果。

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