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Second-Best Prioritization of Environmental Cleanups

机译：第二最优先考虑环境清理

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Yearly allocations to EPA Superfund cleanups are relatively fixed, but the EPA has significant leeway over which sites to clean within a given year. However, the EPA currently does not consider any economic criteria when ordering sites for remediation. Given the local economic benefits to cleaning, the EPA may be able to increase overall social welfare by considering certain economic criteria. We build a theoretical model that incorporates both the short-run and long-run cleanup benefits and identifies the site and location characteristics that impact welfare. We then use calibrated Monte Carlo simulations to compare 6 feasible cleanup policies and 1 infeasible best-case policy to the status quo policy. We find that the best of the feasible policies can on average improve welfare by 1.88% of the status quo policy, though the administrative costs are likely non-trivial. A similarly beneficial alternative may be to use a set of heuristics regarding site characteristics to order cleanups. In order of importance, the ranking criteria are: site cleanup cost (cheapest first), long-term economic damages from waste, areas currently in a recession, and local discount rates. Ex ante local economic stability has no significant effect. This set of heuristics sees a slightly smaller mean welfare increase (1.85%). Notably, since 3 of the 4 criteria are easily observable, this increase is nearly costless.
机译：EPA Superfund Cleansps的年度分配相对固定，但EPA在给定年内有明显的余地清洁。但是，在订购地点进行补救时，EPA目前尚不考虑任何经济标准。鉴于本地经济利益清洁，EPA可以通过考虑某些经济标准来提高整体社会福利。我们构建一个理论模型，包括短期和长期清理效益，并确定影响福利的网站和位置特征。然后，我们使用校准的Monte Carlo模拟来比较6个可行的清理策略和1个可行的最佳案例政策到现状策略。我们发现，尽管行政成本可能是非琐碎的，但最佳可行政策的平均政策可能会提高1.88％的福利。类似有益的替代方案可以是使用关于站点特征的一组启发式来进行清理。按重要性的顺序，排名标准是：现场清理成本（最便宜的第一），浪费的长期经济损害，目前在经济衰退和当地折扣率。前蚂蚁局部经济稳定性没有显着效果。这套启发式会看到略小的平均福利增加（1.85％）。值得注意的是，由于4个标准中的3个易于观察到的，这种增加几乎是成本的。

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