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Multidimensional Green Product Design

机译：多维绿色产品设计

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This paper studies the impact of environmental policies when firms can adjust product design as they see fit. In particular, it considers cross relationships between product design dimensions. For example, when products are designed to be more durable, this may add production steps and increase pollutant emissions during production. More generally, changes applied to one dimension can affect the cost or environmental performance of other dimensions. In this theoretical model, a firm interacts with consumers and a regulator. Before the production stage, the firm must choose the levels of three design dimensions: (1) energy performance during production, (2) energy performance during use, and (3) durability. Depending on the assumptions, the dimensions are said to be complementary, neutral, or competitive. The regulator can promote greener designs by applying targeted environmental taxes on emissions during production or consumption. The main results shed light on the consequences of modifying public policies. When some design dimensions are competitive, a targeted emission tax can result in environmental burden shifting, with an overall increase in pollution. This paper also explores the social optimum and the development of second-best policies when some policy instruments are imperfect. When the social planner ignores the possibility for firms to adjust the level of durability, firms may use planned obsolescence to mitigate the cost of too stringent environmental policies. Also, under particular conditions, a government would want to regulate and constrain the level of durability.
机译：本文研究了企业可以在符合物品时调整产品设计时环境政策的影响。特别是，它考虑了产品设计尺寸之间的交叉关系。例如，当产品设计更耐用时，这可能会增加生产步骤并在生产过程中增加污染物排放。更一般地，应用于一个维度的变化会影响其他维度的成本或环境性能。在这个理论模型中，一家公司与消费者和监管机构互动。在生产阶段之前，公司必须选择三个设计尺寸的水平：（1）生产过程中的能量性能，（2）使用期间的能量性能，以及（3）耐用性。根据假设，尺寸据称是互补的，中性或竞争力的。监管机构可以通过在生产或消费期间对排放进行目标税来促进更环保的设计。主要结果阐明了修改公共政策的后果。当某些设计尺寸具有竞争力时，有针对性排放税可能导致环境负担转化，污染总体增加。本文还探讨了社会最佳和当某些政策工具不完美时的第二大政策的发展。当社会策划者忽略公司来调整耐用性水平时，公司可能会使用计划的过时，以减轻太严格的环境政策的成本。此外，在特定条件下，政府希望规范和限制耐用性水平。

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