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Is the Income Elasticity of the Willingness to Pay for Pollution Control Constant?

机译：支付污染控制意愿的收入弹性是否恒定？

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摘要

How willingness to pay for environmental quality changes as incomes rise is a central question in several areas of environmental economics. This paper explores both theoretically and empirically whether or not the willingness to pay (WTP) for pollution control varies with income. Our model indicates that the income elasticity of the marginal WTP for pollution reduction is only constant under very restrictive conditions. Our empirical analysis tests the null hypothesis that the elasticity of the WTP for pollution control with respect to income is constant, employing a multi-country contingent valuation study of eutrophication reduction in the Baltic Sea. Our findings reject this hypothesis, and estimate an income elasticity of the WTP for eutrophication control of 0.1-0.2 for low-income respondents and 0.6-0.7 for high-income respondents. Thus, our empirical results suggest that the elasticity is not constant but is always less than one. This has implications for how benefits transfer exercises, and for theoretical explanations of the environmental Kuznets curve.
机译：随着收入的增长，支付环境质量的意愿如何变化是环境经济学几个领域的核心问题。本文在理论和经验上都探讨了污染控制的支付意愿（WTP）是否随收入而变化。我们的模型表明，边际污水处理厂用于减少污染的收入弹性只有在非常严格的条件下才是常数。我们的经验分析采用了波罗的海富营养化减少的多国或有估值研究，检验了零假设，即用于污染控制的污水处理厂的弹性是恒定的。我们的发现否定了这一假设，并估计了富营养化控制的WTP的收入弹性，低收入受访者为0.1-0.2，高收入受访者为0.6-0.7。因此，我们的经验结果表明，弹性不是恒定的，而是总是小于1。这对利益转移的方式以及对环境库兹涅茨曲线的理论解释产生了影响。

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