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Flexibility and Stringency in Greenhouse Gas Regulations

机译：温室气体法规的灵活性和严格性

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摘要

The Clean Air Act provides the regulatory framework for climate policy in the United States. Emissions rate performance standards are the metric identified for regulation of the electricity sector, the most important source of emissions. Rates for existing sources could be averaged to achieve flexibility in compliance, although the stringency of policies is ambiguous when flexibility is introduced. For example, a specific emissions rate improvement averaged over a larger set of generators may reduce the actual emissions change. We evaluate three policy designs according to emissions rate, emissions and marginal cost and show how a marginal abatement cost criterion can be applied within a technology-based regulation. This approach can quadruple the emissions reductions that are achieved, with net social benefits exceeding $25 billion in 2020, and with a 1.3 % electricity price increase. Over half of the benefits stem from improvements in conventional air quality.
机译：《清洁空气法案》提供了美国气候政策的监管框架。排放率绩效标准是为监管电力部门（最重要的排放源）而确定的度量标准。可以对现有资源的费率进行平均，以实现合规的灵活性，尽管在引入灵活性时政策的严格性尚不明确。例如，在较大的一组发电机上平均的特定排放率改善可能会减少实际排放变化。我们根据排放率，排放量和边际成本评估了三种政策设计，并展示了边际减排成本标准如何在基于技术的法规中适用。这种方法可以使实现的减排量翻两番，在2020年实现净社会效益超过250亿美元，电价提高1.3％。超过一半的收益来自传统空气质量的改善。

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