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Decomposing the Environmental Effects of Trade Liberalization: The Case of Consumption-Generated Pollution

机译：分解贸易自由化的环境影响：以消费产生的污染为例

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This paper investigates the effect of international trade on consumption-generated ("tailpipe") pollution. For countries exporting the dirty good, trade liberalization increases its price, thus increasing domestic production and decreasing domestic consumption of dirty goods at the same time. This forces pollution from production and consumption to move in opposite directions, leading us to expect that trade-induced composition effects work differently for tailpipe and smokestack pollution. Our theoretical model predicts that capital abundance reinforces the pollution policy effect for tailpipe pollution, counter to the case with smokestack pollution. Empirical support for this comes from our analysis of an international panel of data on carbon monoxide emissions. We find evidence in support of an effect analogous to the pollution haven hypothesis, which has typically not been observed in previous literature. Thus trade liberalization may affect smokestack and tailpipe pollution differently.
机译：本文研究了国际贸易对消费产生的（“尾管”）污染的影响。对于出口脏商品的国家，贸易自由化提高了其价格，从而增加了国内产量，同时减少了国内对脏商品的消费。这迫使来自生产和消费的污染向相反的方向发展，使我们期望贸易引起的成分效应在排气管和烟囱污染方面的作用不同。我们的理论模型预测，与烟囱式污染的情况相反，资本的充裕程度增强了对排气管污染的污染政策效果。我们对一氧化碳排放国际数据小组的分析提供了经验支持。我们发现支持类似污染避难所假说的效应的证据，而在以前的文献中通常没有观察到这种假说。因此，贸易自由化可能对烟囱和尾气污染产生不同的影响。

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