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Chinese Renewable Energy Technology Exports: The Role of Policy, Innovation and Markets

机译：中国可再生能源技术出口：政策，创新和市场的作用

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摘要

Chinese companies have become major technology producers, with the largest shares of their output exported. This paper examines the development of solar PV and wind energy technology component (WETC) exports from China and the competitive position of the country's renewable energy industry. We also describe the government's renewable energy policy and its success in renewable electricity generation as well as increasing renewable energy innovation and foreign knowledge accumulation, which may drive export performance. We aim at empirically identifying determinants of Chinese solar PV and WETC exports. We estimate a gravity trade model using maximum likelihood estimation. Besides controlling for standard variables, we consider additional explanatory factors by accounting for market, policy and innovation effects steaming from both importing countries and China. We use a panel dataset representing bilateral trade flows of 43 developed and developing countries that imported solar PV and WETCs from China between 1996 and 2008. Empirical results indicate that high income countries, with large renewable energy markets and demand side policy support schemes, in terms of incentive tariffs, are increasingly importing Chinese solar PV components. We show that trade costs have a negative impact on exports of solar PV components but not WETC. Additionally, we find a positive impact of research and development appropriation growth, especially from provincial governments in China, but no evidence that bilateral knowledge transfer and indigenous innovation affect exports.
机译：中国公司已成为主要的技术生产国，其产品出口的份额最大。本文考察了中国出口的太阳能光伏和风能技术组件（WETC）的发展情况以及该国可再生能源行业的竞争地位。我们还描述了政府的可再生能源政策及其在可再生能源发电方面的成功，以及不断增加的可再生能源创新和外国知识积累，这可能会推动出口绩效。我们旨在根据经验确定中国太阳能光伏和WETC出口的决定因素。我们使用最大似然估计来估计重力贸易模型。除了控制标准变量外，我们还通过考虑来自进口国和中国的市场，政策和创新效应来考虑其他解释因素。我们使用的面板数据集代表了1996年至2008年间从中国进口太阳能光伏和WETC的43个发达国家和发展中国家的双边贸易流。实证结果表明，高收入国家拥有庞大的可再生能源市场和需求方政策支持计划，关税激励措施的实施，正越来越多地进口中国的太阳能光伏组件。我们显示贸易成本对太阳能光伏组件的出口有负面影响，但对WETC却没有。此外，我们发现研发拨款增长，特别是来自中国各省政府的拨款增长，具有积极影响，但没有证据表明双边知识转移和本土创新会影响出口。

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