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The Effects of Changing Cost Vectors on Choices and Scale Heterogeneity

机译：成本向量变化对选择和规模异质性的影响

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摘要

Choice Experiments (CE) are widely used to estimate the values of changes in non-market goods and services. A cost attribute is typically included in a CE questionnaire to enable the estimation of monetary values for changes in the non-market attributes presented. Notwithstanding the central importance of the cost attribute, relatively little research has been undertaken on the impacts of varying cost attribute levels on value estimates, or on individual heterogeneity. In this paper, I present results from mixed logit and generalised mixed logit models that account for unobserved idiosyncratic preference and scale heterogeneity. Respondents are found to anchor their choices on the relative cost levels presented in the survey with results suggesting that people are more sensitive to relative rather than absolute cost vectors. However, the higher cost levels do not lead to significantly higher value estimates, partly because of observed preference heterogeneity towards the environmental attributes. An important observation is that scale heterogeneity is important: accounting for scale- as well as preference-heterogeneity in the generalised mixed logit model leads to significantly improved model fit. The results indicate significant unobserved error variance across respondents, unrelated to whether a high or low cost vector is used.
机译：选择实验（CE）被广泛用于估算非市场商品和服务的变化值。 CE调查表中通常包含一个成本属性，以能够估算出所呈现的非市场属性的货币价值。尽管成本属性具有至关重要的重要性，但有关变化的成本属性水平对价值估计或单个异质性的影响的研究相对较少。在本文中，我介绍了混合logit模型和广义混合logit模型的结果，这些模型说明了未观察到的特质偏好和规模异质性。发现受访者将他们的选择基于调查中显示的相对成本水平，结果表明人们对相对成本而非绝对成本向量更为敏感。但是，较高的成本水平不会导致明显更高的价值估算，部分原因是由于观察到的对环境属性的偏好异质性。一个重要的观察是规模异质性很重要：在广义混合logit模型中考虑规模异质性和偏好异质性会显着改善模型拟合度。结果表明，受访者之间存在显着的未观察到的误差方差，与使用高价还是低价向量无关。

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