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Disguised Protectionism, Global Trade Rules and Alien Invasive Species

机译:变相的贸易保护主义,全球贸易规则和外来入侵物种

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摘要

Current international law strongly favors policies designed to make imports safer (e.g., in terms of invasive species) over policies explicitly designed to discourage imports. We show that this preference may be counterproductive. A externality in trade is incorporated into a political-economy model of policy formation. Nations can address the externality by inspecting cargo and imposing a fine on contaminated imports. We compare the equilibrium when inspection is the only policy option relative to the equilibrium that emerging when nations may also manipulate the tariff. Ruling out the tariff causes socially excessive stringency in general, social welfare losses if domestic supply is highly inelastic, and in some circumstances an increase in the real tariff, measured as the difference between world and domestic prices.
机译:当前的国际法强烈赞成旨在使进口更为安全的政策(例如,在入侵物种方面),而不是明确旨在阻止进口的政策。我们表明,这种偏好可能适得其反。贸易的外部性被纳入政策形成的政治经济模型。各国可以通过检查货物和对受污染的进口产品处以罚款来解决外部性。我们将当检查是唯一的政策选择(相对于国家也可能操纵关税的情况下出现的均衡)进行比较时比较均衡。排除关税,通常会导致社会过分严格,如果国内供应高度缺乏弹性,则会造成社会福利损失,在某些情况下,实际关税会增加,以世界价格与国内价格之间的差额衡量。

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