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Effects of Unit-Based Garbage Pricing: A Differences-in-Differences Approach

机译:基于单元的垃圾定价的影响:差异中的差异方法

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摘要

Using a unique 10-year dataset of all 458 Dutch municipalities, we apply a dif-ferences-in-differences approach to estimate the effect of unit-based pricing on household waste quantities and recycling. Community-level studies of unit-based pricing typically do not include fixed effects at the local level. We find that failure to do so may substantially inflate the estimated price effect. We also find that unit-based pricing may be endogenous, and use instrumental variables to account for this. Our analysis shows that user fees depend on user fees in neighboring jurisdictions (policy interaction). Our estimate of the garbage reduction per $1 user fee is lower than any previous estimate bar one. The price effect depends on the pricing system: weight-based systems reduce garbage quantities more than volume-based systems. User fees increase recycling, especially of paper, but not nearly as much as they reduce garbage quantities. We find no evidence for waste tourism or illegal dumping.
机译:使用所有458个荷兰直辖市的10年唯一数据集,我们采用了差异差异方法来估算基于单位的定价对家庭废物数量和回收利用的影响。社区级别的基于单位定价的研究通常不包括本地级别的固定影响。我们发现,不这样做可能会大大推高估计的价格效应。我们还发现基于单位的定价可能是内生的,并使用工具变量来说明这一点。我们的分析表明,用户费用取决于邻近辖区(政策互动)的用户费用。我们对每$ 1使用费的垃圾减少估算值低于任何先前的估算标准。价格影响取决于定价系统:基于权重的系统比基于量的系统减少的垃圾数量更多。使用费增加了回收率,特别是纸张的回收率,但增加的幅度却不及减少垃圾量的回收率。我们找不到浪费旅游或非法倾倒的证据。

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