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Scale, Technique and Composition Effects in Manufacturing SO_2 Emissions

机译：制造SO_2排放的规模，技术和组成效应

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摘要

Combining two data sources on emissions with value-added and employment data, this paper constructs six data bases on sulfur dioxide (SO_2) intensities that vary across countries, sectors and years. This allows us to perform a growth decomposition exercise where the change in world manufacturing emissions is decomposed into scale, composition and technique effects. The sample covers the period 1990-2000, and includes 62 countries that account for 76% of world-wide emissions. While manufacturing activity has increased by a rough 10% (scale effect), we estimate that emissions have fallen by about 10%, thanks to the adoption of cleaner production techniques (the technique effect) and a small shift towards cleaner industries (between-sector effect). As output and productivity gains have been biased towards large emerging countries like China and India, which are both clean in terms of emissions per unit labor and dirty in terms of emissions per dollar, the sign and magnitude of the between-country effect depends on the choice regarding the scaling factor (-2% for employment, +25% for value-added, with a corresponding adjustment of the technique effect). The paper also shows that these estimates are robust to changes in aggregation across entities (regions or countries) and across industries, and that composition changes are correlated with changes in prices and trade intensities.
机译：本文将排放量的两个数据源与增值和就业数据相结合，构建了六个基于二氧化硫（SO_2）强度的数据库，这些数据库随国家，行业和年份的不同而不同。这使我们能够进行增长分解工作，将世界制造业排放的变化分解为规模，构成和技术效果。样本涵盖1990-2000年，包括62个国家，占世界排放量的76％。尽管制造业活动大约增加了10％（规模效应），但我们估计排放量下降了约10％，这要归功于采用了清洁生产技术（技术效应）以及向清洁产业的转移很小（部门之间）影响）。由于产出和生产率的提高偏向于像中国和印度这样的大型新兴国家，它们在单位劳动排放量方面既干净，又在美元排放量方面很脏，因此，国与国之间影响的迹象和严重程度取决于各国之间的关系。选择比例因子（就业为-2％，增加值为+ 25％，并相应调整了技术效果）。该论文还表明，这些估计值对于实体（地区或国家）以及整个行业的总体变化具有鲁棒性，并且构成变化与价格和贸易强度的变化相关。

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