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The merits of new pollutants and how to get them when patents are granted

机译：新污染物的优点以及获得专利后如何获得它们

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摘要

The performance of market based environmental regulation is affected by patents and vice versa. This interaction is studied for a type of innovation where a new technology reduces emissions of a specific pollutant but at the same time causes a new type of damage. If the new pollutant associated with this technology is sufficiently different from existing ones such that marginal damage is increasing in each of them but additive across pollutants, a diversification of the pollution portfolio is socially desirable. In a situation where the incentives to develop such a technology are created by patents, the efficiency of permits is affected by monopoly pricing of the patent-holding firm. This result carries over to other types of innovation. The performance of taxes is limited by either the inability to implement specific pollution mixes or monopoly pricing. For constant returns to scale at the industry level the combined use of taxes and permits ensures the first best mix of technologies and provides positive research incentives.
机译：基于市场的环境监管的绩效受专利影响，反之亦然。对这种相互作用进行了研究，以一种创新形式进行研究，其中一种新技术可以减少特定污染物的排放，但同时又会造成新型损害。如果与此技术相关的新污染物与现有污染物的差异足够大，以致每种污染物的边际损害都在增加，而污染物之间又增加了污染物，那么在社会上就需要多样化污染组合。在专利激励下开发这种技术的情况下，许可的效率会受到专利持有公司垄断定价的影响。这一结果可以延续到其他类型的创新中。税收的执行受到无法实施特定污染组合或垄断定价的限制。为了在行业水平上获得稳定的规模回报，税收和许可证的组合使用可确保技术的最佳组合，并提供积极的研究激励。

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