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Household Transport Demand in a CGE-framework

机译：CGE框架中的家庭运输需求

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The main objective of this study is to improve the modelling of household demand for transport services in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. The new extended model is then used for numerical calculations to test how the Swedish economy reacts to a carbon target. Special attention will be given to distributional effects and the connection between labour supply and work journeys in a sparsely populated country like Sweden. A differentiation between trip purposes and trip length, a complementary relationship between work journeys and labour supply, and a subdivision of households by density of population and income influence the numerical results. Our main conclusions from the analysis of a carbon target are that if the carbon tax revenue is recycled by decreasing the employers' social contribution fee, welfare costs are lower than with lump-sum replacements of tax revenue to households. The welfare cost may be reduced even further if work journeys are not additionally taxed as compared to the base year. However, the lower total welfare cost is obtained at the expense of making society more unequal, since both labour tax recycling (cuts in employers' social contributions) and exempting tax on work journeys will make low income groups carry a higher burden. An increased carbon dioxide tax is also shown to increase welfare differences between sparsely populated areas and city regions in Sweden.
机译：这项研究的主要目的是在可计算的一般均衡（CGE）模型中改进家庭对运输服务需求的建模。然后，将新的扩展模型用于数值计算，以测试瑞典经济对碳目标的反应。在人口稀少的国家（如瑞典），将特别关注分配的影响以及劳动力供应与工作旅程之间的联系。出行目的和出行时间之间的差异，工作旅程与劳动力供给之间的互补关系以及按人口密度和收入划分的家庭细分影响了数值结果。根据对碳目标的分析，我们的主要结论是，如果通过减少雇主的社会贡献费来回收碳税收入，则福利成本要比对家庭一次总付的税收收入要低。如果与基准年相比，如果不对工作旅程额外征税，则福利成本可能会进一步降低。但是，较低的总福利成本是以使社会更加不平等为代价的，因为劳动税的循环利用（减少雇主的社会贡献）和工作旅途免税将使低收入群体承担更大的负担。二氧化碳税的增加也显示出增加了瑞典人口稀少地区与城市地区之间的福利差异。

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