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International Trade and the Environment: Theoretical and Policy Linkages

机译：国际贸易与环境：理论与政策的联系

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I review and extend three approaches to trade and environmental policies: competitive general equilibrium, oligopoly and monopolistic competition. The first two have surprisingly similar implications: deviations from first-best rules are justified only by constraints on policy choice (which motivates what I call a "single dividend" approach to environmental policy), and taxes and emissions standards differ in ways which reflect the Le Chatelier principle. I also show how environmental taxes may lead to a catastrophic relocation of industry in the presence of agglomeration effects, although not necessarily if there is a continuum of industries which differ in pollution intensity.
机译：我回顾并扩展了贸易和环境政策的三种方法：竞争性一般均衡，寡头垄断和垄断竞争。前两个具有令人惊讶的相似含义：仅出于对政策选择的限制（有悖于我对环境政策的“单一股息”方法），才有理由背离最佳规则，而且税收和排放标准的不同也反映了Le Chatelier原则。我还展示了在存在集聚效应的情况下，环境税如何可能导致工业的灾难性转移，尽管如果存在污染强度不同的连续工业，则不一定如此。

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