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Environmental and Social Accounting for Brazil

机译：巴西环境与社会会计

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摘要

An environmentally extended Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) has been constructed for Brazil for the first time. We review in detail previous studies in this field, describe the construction, structure and data sources of the Brazilian SAM, and demonstrate the effect of system closure. Examining a range of type-Ⅰ and type-Ⅱ multipliers, we show that incomes generated by final consumption are highly skewed towards rich households, but energy requirements and carbon emissions are higher for the consumption of the poor. A significant negative correlation exists between employment and income on one hand, and energy requirements and carbon emissions on the other, while a significant positive correlation exists between imports, and energy and carbon. These correlations demonstrate that there is scope for policies that pursue imports substitution and reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions whilst increasing employment and income.
机译：首次为巴西构建了环境扩展的社会核算矩阵（SAM）。我们将详细回顾该领域以前的研究，描述巴西SAM的结构，结构和数据来源，并论证系统关闭的效果。研究一系列Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型乘数，我们发现最终消费产生的收入高度偏向富裕家庭，但穷人的消费所需要的能源和碳排放较高。一方面，就业与收入之间存在显着的负相关，另一方面，能源需求与碳排放之间存在显着的负相关，而进口，能源与碳之间存在显着的正相关。这些相关性表明，追求进口替代，减少能源消耗和碳排放，同时增加就业和收入的政策还有余地。

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