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Economic Growth, Inequality, Democratization, and the Environment

机译：经济增长，不平等，民主化和环境

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摘要

We augment the Stokey (1998) model by allowing agents to differ with respect to environmental quality and income in order to analyze the impact of income and environmental inequality, and of democratization on aggregate pollution. We find that the impact of a more equal income distribution depends on the degree of democracy. In a complete democracy a more equal income distribution generates, ceteris paribus, less pollution, which is consistent with indirect empirical evidence, whereas the opposite is the case if democratic rights are highly restricted. Furthermore, a democratization is argued to typically lower both the income and the environmental quality of the median voter. In this case, if, in utility terms, the fall in environmental quality is worse than the fall in consumption the median voter decides to tighten environmental legislation so that aggregate pollution decreases.
机译：我们通过允许代理商在环境质量和收入方面有所不同来扩充Stokey（1998）模型，以便分析收入和环境不平等以及民主化对总体污染的影响。我们发现，收入分配更加平等的影响取决于民主程度。在一个完整的民主国家中，平等的收入分配产生了平等的现象，污染减少了，这与间接的经验证据是一致的，而民主权利受到严格限制的情况恰恰相反。此外，人们认为民主化通常会降低中位选民的收入和环境质量。在这种情况下，如果用效用来衡量，环境质量的下降比消费下降的情况更严重，则中位选民决定加强环境立法，以减少总体污染。

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