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The Social Value of Biodiversity for R&D

机译：生物多样性对研发的社会价值

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The value of genetic resources for use in research and development (R&D) activities has been the subject of a literature modelling the activity as one where individual firms engage in optimal search. Here we develop a more generalised framework in which genetic resources are used in R&D at the base of an industry that addresses recurring problems of resistance, as in the pharmaceutical or plant breeding industries. The R&D process is one in which firms are engaging in a continuing contest of innovation against a background of both creative destruction (Schumpeterian competition) and adaptive destruction (natural selection and adaptation). This framework demonstrates that the search model is conceptually inadequate because it fails to incorporate the important dynamic characteristics of biological phenomena. We then demonstrate the important differences between firm-based valuation of genetic resources and the social value of genetic resources for use in this contest of innovation. There are six externalities in private patent-based genetic resource valuation, and five of these indicate that private valuations will under-estimate social values.
机译：用于研究与开发（R＆D）活动的遗传资源的价值一直是将这一活动建模为个体公司从事最佳搜索的文献的主题。在这里，我们开发了一种更为通用的框架，其中遗传资源被用于解决诸如制药或植物育种行业等反复出现的耐药性问题的行业的研发中。研发过程是企业在创造性破坏（熊彼特式竞争）和适应性破坏（自然选择和适应）的背景下，持续进行创新竞赛的过程。该框架表明搜索模型在概念上是不充分的，因为它没有纳入生物现象的重要动态特征。然后，我们证明了在本次创新大赛中，基于公司的遗传资源评估与遗传资源的社会价值之间的重要区别。基于私有专利的遗传资源估值存在六个外部性，其中五个表明私有估值将低估社会价值。

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