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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental & Resource Economics >The Foreign Trade and Sectoral Impact of Truck Road Pricing for Cross-Border Trade: A CGE Analysis for a Small Open Economy
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The Foreign Trade and Sectoral Impact of Truck Road Pricing for Cross-Border Trade: A CGE Analysis for a Small Open Economy

机译：卡车贸易对跨境贸易的对外贸易和行业影响：基于小型开放经济的CGE分析

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摘要

Truck road pricing is on the brink of being introduced in a number of European countries. The experience gained from Switzerland, the first country worldwide to implement such a distant-dependent pricing scheme, has proved invaluable. Nevertheless, significant questions still remain. The present paper attempts to provide some clarity by analysing the welfare and sectoral impact resulting from the introduction of truck road pricing with respect to foreign trade. It is shown that this impact can be separated into four effects: the pure terms of trade effect, the tax revenue effect, the transit tax revenue effect and the resource gain effect (resources set free by a reduction in transport activity). A CGE simulation of each of these effects identifies their quantitative implications. Out of the four effects the pure terms of trade effect turns out to dominate at both the sectoral and aggregate level. It triggers a trade-induced welfare loss. The tax revenue effect, and less so the transit revenue effect, mitigate this loss. For a full road transport cost internalization a trade-induced welfare loss is quantified for Austria at 1.3%. Sensitivity of this and other aggregate variables is high with respect to household reaction to transport tax revenue refunding. The trade-induced welfare loss of variable size as explored in this article counterbalances a fraction of the welfare gain due to internalization.
机译：在许多欧洲国家/地区，叉车道定价已接近实行的边缘。瑞士是世界上第一个实施这种依赖于距离的定价方案的国家，从中获得的经验被证明是无价的。然而，仍然存在重大问题。本文试图通过分析引入卡车公路定价对外贸产生的福利和部门影响来提供一些清晰度。结果表明，这种影响可以分为四个影响：纯粹的贸易条件影响，税收收益效应，过境税收收益效应和资源收益效应（通过减少运输活动释放的资源）。这些效应中每一种的CGE模拟都可以确定其定量含义。在这四种效应中，纯粹的贸易条件效应在部门和总体水平上都占主导地位。它引发了贸易引起的福利损失。税收收入的影响（减轻运输收入的影响）减轻了这种损失。对于完整的公路运输成本内部化，奥地利量化的贸易引起的福利损失为1.3％。就家庭对运输税收入退税的反应而言，此变量和其他总计变量的敏感性很高。本文探讨了由贸易引起的可变规模的福利损失，可以抵消内部化带来的福利收益的一小部分。

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