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Interdisciplinary progress in food production, food security and environment research

机译：粮食生产，粮食安全和环境研究的跨学科进展

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This review examines contributions of interdisciplinary (ID) research to understanding interactions between environmental quality, food production and food security. Global patterns of food insecurity and crop production are reviewed in relation to climate, land use and economic changes, as well as potential productivity increases compatible with environmental conservation. Interactions between food production and global processes make food insecurity a complex problem that requires ID analysis at local to global scales. Census and satellite data contribute to understanding of global cropland distribution. Analysis of land-use change exemplifies research between natural and social sciences. Quantitative modelling of global climate change impacts indicates relatively greater potential food insecurity in developing countries. International food security is increasingly interconnected through economic globalization and incentives for increased food production are required. Societies may not be able to expand available cropland without significant environmental risks; enhanced land and water productivity are the major opportunities available to increase food production. This requires renewed efforts in ID work to design and implement sound and efficient agricultural management practices. Models need to be informed by data from field experiments, long-term measurements and watershed monitoring by ground and remote sensing methods. Agricultural intensification may spare natural land but lead to increased pollution and water demand; reconciling conservation and productivity is a critical need. ID work provides many opportunities for synergies including conservation agriculture at the local level, efficient use of inputs, smarter land use taking into account spatial patterns and landscape ecology principles, and improved water management at field, system, watershed and basin levels. Goal-directed ID research is crucial, since producers, practitioners and policy makers should be involved. Geospatial, biotechnological and precision agriculture technologies linked with models can help inform strategies to achieve sustainable food production increases that maintain environmental quality. Implementation also requires ID work to overcome impediments due to human factors and facilitate adoption by farmers.
机译：这篇综述探讨了跨学科研究对理解环境质量，粮食生产和粮食安全之间相互作用的贡献。就气候，土地利用和经济变化以及潜在的生产率提高与环境保护相适应的问题，对粮食不安全和作物生产的全球格局进行了审查。粮食生产与全球过程之间的相互作用使粮食不安全成为一个复杂的问题，需要在地方到全球范围内进行身份分析。人口普查和卫星数据有助于了解全球耕地分布。土地利用变化的分析例证了自然科学和社会科学之间的研究。全球气候变化影响的定量模型表明，发展中国家潜在的粮食不安全状况相对较大。国际粮食安全通过经济全球化日益相互联系，因此需要鼓励增加粮食产量的措施。没有严重的环境风险，社会可能无法扩大可用耕地；提高土地和水的生产力是增加粮食产量的主要机会。这要求在ID工作中重新努力，以设计和实施合理有效的农业管理实践。需要通过野外试验，长期测量以及通过地面和遥感方法进行的分水岭监测的数据来为模型提供信息。农业集约化可能会浪费自然土地，但会导致污染和需水量增加；协调养护和生产力是至关重要的。 ID工作提供了许多协同增效的机会，包括地方一级的保护性农业，有效利用投入，考虑到空间格局和景观生态学原理的更明智的土地利用以及改善田间，系统，流域和流域一级的水管理。目标导向的身份研究至关重要，因为生产者，从业者和政策制定者应参与进来。与模型关联的地理空间，生物技术和精确农业技术可以帮助制定战略，以实现可持续的粮食增产并保持环境质量。实施还需要ID工作，以克服人为因素造成的障碍并促进农民采用。

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