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Compensation for ecosystem services: an evaluation of efforts to achieve conservation and development in Ecuadorian paramo grasslands

机译：生态系统服务补偿：评估厄瓜多尔帕拉莫草原保护与发展的努力

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摘要

Ecosystem services programmes have been advocated for their potential to join conservation and poverty alleviation efforts, integrate working landscapes, and provide a flow of ecosystem services upon which populations rely. Ecuadorian paramo grasslands have rapidly become the focus of compensation for ecosystem services (CES) programmes intended to conserve hydrologic services, carbon sequestration and biodiversity. This paper reviews CES programmes in Ecuadorian paramos using a combination of semi-structured interviews with project personnel, policy makers and community leaders involved in CES programme development, document analysis, and archival research. Findings indicate that, in some cases, CES schemes can support local development, with potential to contribute to poverty alleviation; however, measures of programme effects on poverty were lacking. The programmes fell across the spectrum of activity-reducing to activity-enhancing, with some functioning as protected areas and others integrating working landscapes; however, designation of land as protected did not necessarily imply more restrictive use. Finally, these cases all reflect scenarios in which limited information is available linking land use with ecosystem services production and underscore the idea that adequate understanding of ecosystem production functions continues to be a barrier to development of effective programmes, particularly where the provision of multiple ecosystem services is anticipated.
机译：有人提倡生态系统服务方案，因为它们有潜力加入保护和减贫工作，整合工作环境，并提供人口赖以生存的生态系统服务。厄瓜多尔帕拉莫草原已迅速成为旨在保护水文服务，固碳和生物多样性的生态系统服务（CES）计划的补偿重点。本文通过与参与CES项目开发，文档分析和档案研究的项目人员，政策制定者和社区负责人的半结构化访谈相结合，回顾了厄瓜多尔天堂的CES项目。研究结果表明，在某些情况下，CES计划可以支持地方发展，并有可能为减轻贫困做出贡献；但是，缺乏衡量方案对贫困影响的措施。这些方案涉及从减少活动到加强活动的各个领域，其中一些作为保护区，其他则结合工作环境。但是，将土地指定为受保护土地并不一定意味着限制使用。最后，所有这些情况都反映了将土地利用与生态系统服务生产联系起来的可用信息有限的情况，并强调了这样一个想法，即对生态系统生产功能的充分理解仍然是制定有效方案的障碍，特别是在提供多种生态系统服务的情况下是预期的。

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