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Fish farms as amphibian habitats: factors affecting amphibian species richness and community structure at carp ponds in Poland

机译：作为两栖动物栖息地的养鱼场：影响波兰鲤鱼池塘两栖动物物种丰富度和群落结构的因素

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Open fish ponds are a potential consideration in the conservation of biodiversity, yet information on their suitability for breeding amphibians remains lacking. This study examined amphibian responses to attributes of pond habitats at common carp Cyprinus carpio farms in eastern Poland, focusing on features typical of traditional European cyprinid culture. Canonical correspondence analysis identified age of fish stocks, density of predatory Anisoptera and pond hydroperiod as the factors most strongly influencing amphibian community composition expressed in terms of larval abundance. Separation of fish age-cohorts into different growing ponds was decisive for differential occurrence patterns of individual amphibian taxa. The amphibian assemblage was significantly nested: ponds stocked with young-of-the-year fish supported relatively high numbers of amphibian taxa, including endangered species known to be vulnerable to fish, while ponds containing one- and two-year-old carp harboured only more common taxa. These results suggest that traditional carp pond culture characterized by a spatially discrete distribution of inter-annual cohorts includes habitats compatible with amphibian conservation. However, a flexible conservational approach is needed: ponds stocked with young fish produce secondary breeding habitats for amphibians, but presence of large-sized carp is associated with severe species loss.
机译：开放的鱼塘是保护生物多样性的一个潜在考虑因素，但仍缺乏有关其适合繁殖两栖动物的信息。这项研究研究了波兰东部普通鲤鱼鲤鱼养殖场对池塘栖息地属性的两栖动物反应，重点研究了传统欧洲鲤鱼养殖的特征。典型的对应分析确定了鱼类种群的年龄，捕食性Anisoptera的密度和池塘水周期是影响幼虫丰度的两栖动物群落组成的最主要因素。将鱼龄群分离到不同的生长池塘中对于决定两栖类群的不同发生方式具有决定性作用。两栖动物的组合明显筑巢：放有年幼鱼类的池塘支持相对大量的两栖类群，包括已知易受鱼类侵害的濒危物种，而含有一岁和两年岁鲤鱼的池塘仅藏有更常见的分类单元。这些结果表明，以年际队列的空间离散分布为特征的传统鲤鱼池塘养殖包括与两栖动物保护相适应的生境。但是，需要一种灵活的保护方法：放养幼鱼的池塘为两栖动物提供了次生繁殖栖息地，但是大型鲤鱼的存在与物种的严重丧失有关。

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