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Institutional choice and local legitimacy in community-based forest management: lessons from Cameroon

机译：社区森林管理中的制度选择和地方合法性：喀麦隆的经验教训

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Decentralization of forest management has become a common policy globally which has allowed communities to regain rights removed through colonization and central state management of forests. However, socioeconomic and environmental outcomes of such community-based forest management schemes have been mixed. Studies have shown the importance of institutions in influencing the success of these new governance arrangements. Based on an extens ive literature review supplemented by qualitative research, using focus groups and semi-structured interviews, conducted in nine villages in the humid forest zone comprising three community forests, this research investigated the successes and challenges from decentralization of forest management in Cameroon. A key constraint on success was the inappropriate institutional structure at the local level with responsibility to manage community forests. Community forest management committees with no internally recognized legitimacy and dominated by local elites had replaced roles once played by traditional authorities. Qualitative research showed that in the humid forest zone of Cameroon, the system of accountability for forest resources, prior to the enactment of community forest legislation, included those with historical traditional cultural authority, in the form of clan or lineage heads, as well as the village chief, a legacy of colonial power. Village chiefs or other members of the village council are also selected on the basis of their good moral character. Community forest management committees that are a hybrid of customary authorities and other representatives of the population chosen following the criteria for local legitimacy may capture the best of historical social regulation and build on it so that the local committee may be seen as being accountable to the local population. Since such hybrid institutions are not without their risks, it is important that these institutions be accountable to a local democratic government to further increase their transparency and accountability. Models of community-based natural resource management that incorporate culturally appropriate requirements of legitimacy and accountability in crafting local institutions may have more success in accomplishing both socioeconomic and environmental goals.
机译：森林管理的权力下放已成为全球通用的政策，该政策使社区能够重新获得通过殖民化和中央国家森林管理所剥夺的权利。但是，这种基于社区的森林管理计划在社会经济和环境方面的结果参差不齐。研究表明，机构在影响这些新治理安排成功方面的重要性。在广泛的文献综述和定性研究的补充下，利用焦点小组和半结构化访谈，在由三个社区森林组成的湿润森林区的九个村庄进行了调查，该研究调查了喀麦隆森林经营权下放的成功与挑战。成功的主要限制因素是地方一级不适当的机构结构，该机构负责管理社区森林。没有内部认可的合法性并由当地精英主导的社区森林管理委员会取代了传统机构曾经扮演的角色。定性研究表明，在喀麦隆的湿润森林地区，在制定社区森林立法之前，森林资源问责制包括具有历史传统文化权威的，以氏族或宗族首领的形式以及村长，殖民权力的遗产。村长或村委会的其他成员也是根据其良好的品格选择的。社区森林管理委员会是由习惯机构和其他根据当地合法性标准选择的人群组成的混合体，可以抓住历史上的最佳社会法规并以此为基础，以便地方委员会可以被视为对当地负责人口。由于此类混合机构并非没有风险，因此重要的是，这些机构应对地方民主政府负责，以进一步提高其透明度和问责制。以社区为基础的自然资源管理模式，在制定当地机构时结合了文化上对合法性和责任制的适当要求，可能会在实现社会经济和环境目标方面取得更大的成功。

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