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Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of invasive alien species in island ecosystems

机译：外来入侵物种对岛屿生态系统的生态和社会经济影响

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摘要

Minimizing the impact of invasive alien species (IAS) on islands and elsewhere requires researchers to provide cogent information on the environmental and socioeconomic consequences of IAS to the public and policy makers. Unfortunately, this information has not been readily available owing to a paucity of scientific research and the failure of the scientific community to make their findings readily available to decision makers. This review explores the vulnerability of islands to biological invasion, reports on environmental and socioeconomic impacts of IAS on islands and provides guidance and information on technical resources that can help minimize the effects of IAS in island ecosystems. This assessment is intended to provide a holistic perspective on island-IAS dynamics, enable biologists and social scientists to identify information gaps that warrant further research and serve as a primer for policy makers seeking to minimize the impact of IAS on island systems. Case studies have been selected to reflect the most scientifically-reliable information on the impacts of IAS on islands. Sufficient evidence has emerged to conclude that IAS are the most significant drivers of population declines and species extinctions in island ecosystems worldwide. Clearly, IAS can also have significant socioeconomic impacts directly (for example human health) and indirectly through theirrneffects on ecosystem goods and services. These impacts are manifest at all ecological levels and affect the poorest, as well as richest, island nations. The measures needed to prevent and minimize the impacts of IAS on island ecosystems are generally known. However, many island nations and territories lack the scientific and technical information, infrastructure and human and financial resources necessary to adequately address the problems caused by IAS. Because every nation is an exporter and importer of goods and services, every nation is also a facilitator and victim of the invasion of alien species. Wealthy nations therefore need to help raise the capacity of island nations and territories to minimize the spread and impact of IAS.
机译：最大限度地减少外来入侵物种（IAS）对岛屿和其他地方的影响，要求研究人员向公众和决策者提供有关IAS对环境和社会经济后果的有力信息。不幸的是，由于缺乏科学研究以及科学界未能将其发现提供给决策者，因此该信息尚无法获得。这篇综述探讨了岛屿对生物入侵的脆弱性，报告了国际会计准则对岛屿的环境和社会经济影响，并提供了有关技术资源的指导和信息，可以帮助最大限度地减少国际会计准则对岛屿生态系统的影响。这项评估旨在提供有关海岛国际增援动态的整体视角，使生物学家和社会科学家能够识别出有待进一步研究的信息空白，并为寻求最大限度地减少国际增援对海岛系统的影响的政策制定者提供入门。选择案例研究以反映有关IAS对岛屿的影响的最科学可靠的信息。已有足够的证据得出结论，即国际会计准则是全世界岛屿生态系统中人口减少和物种灭绝的最重要驱动因素。显然，国际会计准则还可以直接或间接地通过其对生态系统产品和服务的影响而产生重大的社会经济影响（例如人类健康）。这些影响体现在所有生态层面，并影响最贫穷和最富有的岛国。众所周知，需要采取措施来防止和减少IAS对岛屿生态系统的影响。但是，许多岛屿国家和地区缺乏充分解决IAS所引起的问题所必需的科学技术信息，基础设施以及人力和财力。因为每个国家都是商品和服务的进出口国，所以每个国家也是外来物种入侵的促进者和受害者。因此，富裕国家需要帮助提高岛屿国家和地区的能力，以最大程度地减少国际会计准则的传播和影响。

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