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Archaeology, historical ecology and anthropogenic island ecosystems

机译：考古，历史生态学和人为岛屿生态系统

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摘要

In the face of environmental uncertainty due to anthropogenic climate change, islands are at the front lines of global change, threatened by sea level rise, habitat alteration, extinctions and declining biodiversity. Islands also stand at the forefront of scientific study for understanding the deep history of human ecodynamics and to build sustainable future systems. We summarize the long history of human interactions with Polynesian, Mediterranean, Californian and Caribbean island ecosystems, documenting the effects of various waves of human settlement and socioeconomic systems, from hunter-gatherer-fishers, to agriculturalists, to globalized colonial interests. We identify degradation of island environments resulting from human activities, as well as cases of human management of resources to enhance productivity and create more sustainable systems. These case studies suggest that within a general global pattern of progressive island degradation, there was no single trajectory of human impact, but rather complex effects based on variable island physiographies, human subsistence strategies, population densities, technologies, sociopolitical organization and decision-making.
机译：面对人为气候变化造成的环境不确定性，岛屿处于全球变化的最前沿，受到海平面上升，生境改变，物种灭绝和生物多样性下降的威胁。为了了解人类生态动力学的深厚历史并建立可持续的未来系统，离岛区还处于科学研究的最前沿。我们总结了人类与波利尼西亚，地中海，加利福尼亚和加勒比海岛屿生态系统互动的悠久历史，记录了人类定居和社会经济体系各种浪潮的影响，从猎人，捕捞者，渔民到农业主义者，再到全球化的殖民地利益。我们确定人类活动以及人类对资源进行管理以提高生产力和创建更具可持续性的系统导致的岛屿环境退化。这些案例研究表明，在岛屿逐步退化的总体全球格局中，没有人类活动的单一轨迹，而是基于可变岛屿的地貌，人类生存策略，人口密度，技术，社会政治组织和决策制定的复杂影响。

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