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Large-scale oil spills and flag-use within the global tanker fleet

机译：全球油轮船队内发生大规模溢油和船旗使用

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摘要

Within the global oil shipping sector, flag states that inadequately fulfil obligations to effectively exert jurisdiction over vessels flying their flags have been criticized for facilitating the existence of substandard ships. This paper examines the topic of flag-use and its potential association with oil spill risk. Flags most associated with accidental oil spills were identified through comparing the flag composition of the global oil tanker fleet with that of vessels that have been involved in the 100 largest tanker spills on record. Vessels flying flags of states that have exhibited consistent patterns of failure in compliance with international obligations, defined here as 'flags of non-compliance' (FoNCs), were found to be significantly more common amongst the vessels that have been involved in spill incidents. However, this was dependent on how the Liberian flag was qualified throughout the time period considered. If measures are being sought to reduce the risk of tanker involvement in large-scale oil spills further, vessel owners should be deterred from registering with FoNCs that are highly accessible to foreign owners, and political measures should be taken to put pressure on flag states that operate all other FoNCs to improve effective jurisdiction over ships flying these flags.
机译：在全球石油运输业中，船旗国批评未能充分履行对悬挂其旗帜的船舶有效行使管辖权的义务，因为这会助长不合格船舶的存在。本文研究了船旗使用的主题及其与漏油风险的潜在关联。通过将全球油轮船队的船旗组成与已记录在案的100大油轮泄漏中的船只的船旗组成进行比较，确定了与意外漏油最相关的船旗。在发生溢油事故的船舶中，悬挂有悬挂国际惯例的状态不一的船舶，在这里被定义为“违规标记”（FoNCs），这种情况在船上更为普遍。但是，这取决于在所考虑的整个时期内利比里亚国旗的资格。如果正在寻求措施以进一步减少油轮卷入大规模溢油事故的风险，则应阻止船东向外国船东很容易接近的FoNC注册，并应采取政治措施向船旗国施加压力。运营所有其他FoNC，以提高对悬挂这些旗帜的船舶的有效管辖权。

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