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Using discards not destined for human consumption

机译：使用非供人类消费的丢弃物

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The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) reforms agreed by European Union (EU) ministers include a discard ban where fishers will be required to land all fish they catch. The ban is expected to reduce the risk of capturing unwanted and low-value biomass species, and therefore should make fishing more environmentally and economically sustainable. The implications of introducing a discards ban may be gauged by assessing the practical and economic issues surrounding whether discards not destined for human consumption can be used once landed. Interviews with company managers established the attitude of the main commercial outlets towards suitability of, and interest in using discards. Results indicate that opportunities for using discards include reduction to fishmeal and fish oil, ensiling, composting, anaerobic digestion with energy recovery, and freezing (prior to use as bait). In the UK, nine main outlets expressed interest in using discards as raw materials to process into animal, pet and aqua feed; organic fertilizer; frozen bait; and other products, such as renewable energy generation. Estimates of discard quantities from English fleets show that most of the outlets are not located close to the main landing ports where the discards would likely come ashore. However, most outlets have extensive established transport links, which would enable them to cover even the remote ports. Preliminary analysis on cost of discarding shows that a discard ban will lead to increases in annual operating costs for fishers ranging from GB£ 1709-90 959 yr~(-1) (£1 = US$ 1.52, May 2013). Assuming that discards are processed for fishmeal, fetching c. GB£ 130 t~(-1), then majority of the fishers will make losses in their fishing operations. Such losses could lead fishers to adopt more selective gears in order to avoid catching unwanted species and thereby help conserve the marine environment. Finding potential uses for discards is important in the context of the proposed land-all catch policy under the reformed CFP, but the primary goal of government should be to prevent the capture of unwanted fish.
机译：欧盟（EU）部长们商定的《共同渔业政策》（CFP）改革包括一项丢弃禁令，要求渔民将其捕捞的所有鱼都降落。预计该禁令将减少捕获有害和低价值生物量物种的风险，因此应使捕捞在环境和经济上更具可持续性。可以通过评估围绕着是否非人类消费的丢弃物一经着陆就可以使用的现实和经济问题，来评估实行禁止丢弃物的含义。与公司经理的访谈确立了主要商业网点对丢弃物的适用性和使用兴趣的态度。结果表明，使用丢弃物的机会包括减少鱼粉和鱼油，青贮，堆肥，利用能量回收进行厌氧消化和冷冻（用作诱饵之前）。在英国，有9个主要网点表示有兴趣将废料用作加工成动物，宠物和水产饲料的原料。有机肥料冷冻诱饵以及其他产品，例如可再生能源发电。来自英国船队的丢弃物数量估计表明，大多数出口都不位于主要的着陆港附近，在这些主要着陆港处，丢弃物可能会上岸。但是，大多数出口都建立了广泛的运输联系，这使它们甚至可以覆盖远程端口。对丢弃物成本的初步分析表明，丢弃物禁令将使渔民的年度运营成本增加，从1709-90 959英镑（-1）英镑（1英镑= 1.52美元，2013年5月）不等。假设丢弃物被加工成鱼粉，则取c。如果英镑£130 t〜（-1），那么大多数渔民将在其捕鱼活动中蒙受损失。这种损失可能使渔民采用更多的选择性渔具，以避免捕获不需要的物种，从而有助于保护海洋环境。在改革后的CFP计划下的所有土地捕捞政策中，寻找丢弃物的潜在用途很重要，但是政府的主要目标应该是防止捕获不需要的鱼。

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