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Reference point based management of Norwegian Atlantic salmon populations

机译：基于参考点的挪威大西洋鲑鱼种群管理

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While management according to biological reference points is well established for many commercial marine fisheries, similar systems for more leisure based fisheries for freshwater fishes are less common. This paper describes the scientific foundation for management according to conservation limits and management targets for Norwegian populations of Atlantic salmon, a highly valued and heavily exploited anadromous fish species. Based on stock recruitment relationships during the freshwater phase, the biomass of females necessary to attain the carrying capacity (yielding average maximum recruitment) has been established as conservation limits for each of the 439 Norwegian populations. Using a simulation model based on reported catch and estimates of exploitation rates, the probability and percentage attainment of the conservation limits have been assessed annually since 2008, and exploitation advice provided for 176 of the largest populations. The number of populations that attained their conservation limits increased substantially after the new management scheme was introduced, despite that the number of returning salmon remained at historical low levels. Overall the populations evaluated in 2011 were at 95% of their conservation limits compared to 91% in 2008 and 85% in 2005. The improvement could largely be attributed to reduced exploitation rates, due to new restrictions in both the marine and river fisheries. The new management scheme also improved the catch statistics and stimulated data acquisition for management. Implementation of management according to conservation limits has been a success in terms of attaining the main management goal of protecting the Atlantic salmon populations by ensuring that an increasing number of the populations likely are at their maximum reproductive capacity. Long-term increases in fisheries yield, the secondary management goal, are likely to be attained, but remain to be documented. Reference point based management of Atlantic salmon exemplifies management within the intersection of fisheries management and conservation biology, borrowing principles from both sides.
机译：虽然许多商业海洋渔业都已经根据生物学参考点进行管理，但是类似的系统以淡水鱼类为基础的休闲渔业却很少见。本文根据挪威大西洋鲑（一种极有价值的和被大量利用的鱼类）种群的保护限度和管理目标，描述了管理的科学基础。根据淡水阶段的种群募集关系，已经确定了达到承载能力（平均最大募集）所需的雌性生物量，作为439个挪威种群中每个种群的养护极限。自2008年以来，使用基于报告的捕捞量和开采率估算的模拟模型，自2008年以来每年评估保护极限的可能性和百分比，并为176个最大的人口提供开采建议。尽管实施了新的管理计划，但返回鲑鱼的数量仍保持在历史低位，但达到保护极限的种群数量却大大增加。总体而言，2011年评估的人口达到其保护限度的95％，相比之下，2008年为91％，2005年为85％。改善主要归因于海洋和河流渔业的新限制，降低了开垦率。新的管理方案还改善了渔获量统计数据，并促进了管理方面的数据采集。通过确保越来越多的种群可能达到最大繁殖能力，实现了保护大西洋鲑种群的主要管理目标，就已经按照保护限度实施了管理。渔业产量的长期增加是次要管理目标，可能会实现，但有待记录。大西洋鲑鱼的基于参考点的管理体现了渔业管理与保护生物学相交处的管理，是双方的借鉴。

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