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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Conservation >From eco-catastrophe to zero deforestation? Interdisciplinarities, politics,environmentalisms and reduced clearing in Amazonia
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From eco-catastrophe to zero deforestation? Interdisciplinarities, politics,environmentalisms and reduced clearing in Amazonia

机译：从生态灾难到零森林砍伐？跨学科，政治，环境主义和减少亚马逊地区的清洁

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Brazil's rate of deforestation has declined by more than 70% since 2004, a dynamic unimaginable even a decade ago. Even the worst drought in more than 100 years (2010) produced a flat clearing profile from 2009-2010, an unexpected result, since dry periods usually have clearing spikes. While deforestation continues throughout the tropics (and Amazonia), and the recent change in Brazil's Forest Code has produced a modest increase in deforestation, there are significant processes that are slowing clearing and fostering woodland recovery. This paper outlines the multiplicities and interdisciplinarities of political ecologies, policies, politics scientific approaches and technologies that have moderated forest conversion and shaped Amazonia's unusual, and unusually effective development and conservation conjunctures in Brazil's post-authoritarian period. New institutional framings, ideologies, political decentralization, globalizations and an expanded arena for new social movements and civil society provided the context for this transformation. Chan ging environmental institutions, discourses and the relatively redistributive social pact that underpinned President Ignacio (Lula) da Silva's administration had a significant role in promoting more resilient land uses, monitoring, compliance and new markets, while regional social movements and national and international commodity boycotts affected more damaging ones. Finally, other forms of payment for environmental services, such as REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation) and REDD+ are changing the value of standing forests. This paper describes how complex interdisciplinarities shaped the politics, policies and practices that slowed forest clearing. However, Amazonia's politics are extremely dynamic: destabilizing processes, violence and indifferent national leadership could still reverse this remarkable turnaround.
机译：自2004年以来，巴西的森林砍伐率下降了70％以上，这甚至是十年前无法想象的。即使是100多年来（2010年）最严重的干旱，2009-2010年的清除情况也很平坦，这是出乎意料的结果，因为干旱时期通常会有清除峰值。虽然整个热带地区（和亚马逊地区）的森林砍伐仍在继续，并且巴西《森林法》的最新变化导致森林砍伐的增加，但仍有许多重要的进程在减缓砍伐速度并促进林地的恢复。本文概述了政治生态学，政策，政治科学方法和技术的多重性和跨学科性，这些生态学，政策，政治科学方法和技术促进了森林转换并塑造了亚马逊时代后独裁时期亚马逊地区异常，异常有效的发展和保护纽带。新的体制框架，意识形态，政治分权，全球化和新的社会运动和公民社会的扩大舞台为这种转变提供了背景。不断变化的环境体制，言论和相对重新分配的社会契约，支持伊格纳西奥（Lula）达席尔瓦总统的政府，在促进更具弹性的土地利用，监测，法规遵从和新市场方面发挥了重要作用，同时区域社会运动以及国内和国际商品抵制影响更多的破坏者。最后，其他形式的环境服务付款方式，例如REDD（减少毁林和森林退化造成的排放量）和REDD +，正在改变原始森林的价值。本文描述了复杂的跨学科如何影响减缓森林砍伐速度的政治，政策和实践。但是，亚马孙地区的政治非常活跃：动荡的进程，暴力和冷漠的国家领导仍然可以扭转这一重大转机。

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