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Nitrification of Petroleum Extraction Produced Water: Salt Concentrations and Nitrifying Activity

机译：石油萃取采出水的硝化作用：盐浓度和硝化活性

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Oil and gas exploration activities generate a considerable wastewater, among which produced water is the most relevant. The chemical complexity of this stream (high ammonium and salt concentrations) adversely affects biological treatment and can be detrimental to sensitive organisms such as nitrifiers. This study addressed the nitrification of produced water from a Brazilian oil extraction platform. Laboratory-scale experiments have shown that nitrification activity could not be sustained with raw produced water in the long term. Nevertheless, when produced water was appropriately diluted, detrimental effects on nitrification were significantly reduced. Experiments evaluating effects of increasing salt concentrations on nitrification have shown that complete ammonium removal were achieved even at very high salt concentrations (up to 100 g NaCl/L). At 125 g NaCl/L, however, nitrifiers were completely inhibited and negligible ammonium removal was observed. Additional tests with no biomass and under similar operational conditions to those applied in previous experiments confirmed that biological nitrification was the most important mechanism of ammonium removal.
机译：油气勘探活动产生大量废水，其中最重要的是采出水。该物流的化学复杂性（高铵盐浓度）会对生物处理产生不利影响，并且可能对诸如硝化器之类的敏感生物有害。这项研究解决了巴西石油开采平台中采出水的硝化问题。实验室规模的实验表明，从长远来看，原水不能维持硝化活性。然而，当适当稀释采出水时，对硝化的有害影响将大大降低。评估盐浓度增加对硝化作用的实验表明，即使在非常高的盐浓度（高达100 g NaCl / L）下也能完全去除铵。然而，在125 g NaCl / L浓度下，硝化剂被完全抑制，并且观察到的铵去除率微不足道。没有生物质且在与先前实验相同的操作条件下进行的其他测试证实，生物硝化是除铵的最重要机制。

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