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Preface

机译:前言

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摘要

Diffuse or non-point (dispersed) pollution can be caused by a variety of activities that have no particular point of discharge. Agriculture besides urban land, mining areas, forestry, atmospheric deposition, and rural dwellings are examples of important sources of diffuse pollution. Modern-day agricultural practices usually require high levels of chemical fertilizers, manure, and pesticides that result in surpluses that are transferred to both surface water and groundwater through various diffuse processes. This transfer in turn leads to serious pollution problems, such as eutrophication of water bodies, which causes algal blooms, oxygen depletion, introduction of toxins produced by plants, fish kills, and loss of species. Additionally, pesticides, sediment runoff from agricultural land, and microbial pathogens from animal feces threaten both wildlife and human health.
机译:没有特定排放点的各种活动都可能导致扩散或非点(分散)污染。除城市土地,矿区,林业,大气沉积物和农村住宅外的农业都是弥漫性污染的重要来源。现代农业实践通常需要大量的化肥,肥料和农药,这些盈余会通过各种扩散过程将剩余物转移到地表水和地下水中。这种转移反过来会导致严重的污染问题,例如水体的富营养化,这会导致藻华,氧气消耗,植物产生的毒素的引入,鱼类死亡以及物种丧失。此外,农药,农田的沉积物径流以及动物粪便中的微生物病原体威胁着野生生物和人类健康。

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