Appraisal of subsurface hydrogeochemical processes in a geologically heterogeneous semi-arid region of south India based on mass transfer and fuzzy comprehensive modeling

Karunanidhi D.; Aravinthasamy P.; Deepali M.; Subramani T.; Sunkari Emmanuel Daanoba

摘要

The main aim of the present study was to examine the quality of the groundwater and decipher the sources of groundwater fluoride through mass balance modeling based on fluoride exposure in a geologically heterogeneous semi-arid region of southern India. This was achieved by hydrogeochemical analysis, graphical methods, and mass transfer modeling approaches. Fuzzy comprehensive technique was applied to evaluate the quality of groundwater for groundwater management. In this regard, 61 groundwater samples were obtained from open wells and bore wells and analyzed for different physicochemical parameters. The major cation and anion abundances follow the order Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ K(+)and Cl- HCO3- SO42- NO3- PO43-. About 88.4% and 34.4% of the total water samples were dominated with Na(+)and Cl(-)ions in this region, respectively. The fluoride level in groundwater ranged from 0.10 to 3.30 mg/l with a mean value of 1.04 mg/l. Nearly 25% of the groundwater samples collected from 15 villages showed fluoride concentrations exceeding the maximum permissible limit of 1.5 mg/l as per the World Health Organization recommendations for human intake. More than 85% of the samples fell under strong acid (Cl(-)and SO42-) type. The amount of groundwater salinization in this region was 70.5% since the Revelle index (RI) was excess in the groundwater samples (RI 0.5 meq/l). Silicate weathering, cation exchange, and gypsum dissolution were the dominant geogenic processes in the aquifer system influencing groundwater chemistry and nullified the possibility of carbonate dissolution. Saturation indices revealed the contribution of sequestration of CaCO(3)in F(-)enrichment. Total dissolved solids showed strong positive correlations with Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO(4)(2-)and NO(3-)indicating the contribution of anthropogenic inputs to groundwater chemistry in addition to geogenic sources. The results of the fuzzy comprehensive method indicated that 33% of the groundwater samples fell under fair water type, 2% and 11% of the samples fell under poor and very poor quality water types, respectively. Therefore, this work will be helpful for the decision-makers to plan for the sustainable management of groundwater resources.

机译：本研究的主要目的是检查地下水的质量并通过基于氟化物暴露在印度南部地质异构半干旱地区的氟化物暴露来破译地下水氟化物来源。这是通过水力代科学分析，图形方法和传质建模方法实现的。采用模糊综合技术评价地下水管理地下水的质量。在这方面，从开放的孔和孔井获得61个地下水样品，并分析不同的物理化学参数。主要阳离子和阴离子丰度均遵循Na +> Ca2 +> Mg2 +> K> K（+）和Cl-> HCO3-> SO42-> No3-> Po43-。约88.4％和34.4％的总水样品分别在该区域中与Na（+）和Cl（ - ）离子管制。地下水中的氟化物水平范围为0.10至3.30mg / L，平均值为1.04mg /升。根据世界卫生组织为人类摄入的世界卫生组织建议，从15个村收集的近25％的地下水样本显示出氟化物浓度超过1.5毫克/升的最大允许极限。超过85％的样品在强酸（Cl（ - ）和SO42-）型下。由于在地下水样品（Ri> 0.5meq / L）中，该区域中该区域的地下水盐渍化量为70.5％。硅酸盐风化，阳离子交换和石膏溶解是影响地下水化学的含水层系统中的主要过程，并使碳酸酯溶解的可能性。饱和度指数揭示了Caco（3）在F（ - ）富集中螯合的贡献。总溶解的固体显示出与Na +，Ca2 +，Mg2 +，Cl-，So（4）（2）（2-）和No（3-）的强正相关性，表明除了生成源来源之外还表明人为化学对地下水化学的贡献。模糊综合方法的结果表明，33％的地下水样本在公平的水类型下落下，2％和11％的样品分别在差和非常差的水类型下降。因此，这项工作将有助于决策者计划，计划进行地下水资源的可持续管理。

Appraisal of subsurface hydrogeochemical processes in a geologically heterogeneous semi-arid region of south India based on mass transfer and fuzzy comprehensive modeling

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