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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental earth sciences >Solid phases controlling the mobility of potentially toxic elements and the generation of acid drainage in abandoned mine gold wastes from San Antonio-El Triunfo mining district, Baja California Sur, Mexico
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Solid phases controlling the mobility of potentially toxic elements and the generation of acid drainage in abandoned mine gold wastes from San Antonio-El Triunfo mining district, Baja California Sur, Mexico

机译：固相控制来自墨西哥下加利福尼亚州圣安东尼奥-埃尔·特里丰佛矿区的废弃矿山金矿中潜在有毒元素的迁移以及酸排泄的产生

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摘要

In many countries of Latin America (Mexico included), As and other toxic elements in water and soils may have a natural geogenic origin; however, the anthropogenic activities (specially in mining areas) trigger the metal(loid) s mobilization (mainly by acid mine drainage) aggravating the environmental pollution problem. In San Antonio-El Triunfo mining district (SA-ET MD), Baja California Sur State, Mexico, 200 years of intermittent mining activities have left around 800,000 tons of mine waste scattered across 400 km 2 of the SA-ET area. Some environmental studies in the area assume mining wastes as the main source of contamination of groundwater (not considering the geothermal source). Moreover, recent studies have shown that the pollution in the region has occurred as consequence of seasonal erosion caused by winds and irregular episodes of heavy rainfall. Nevertheless, the actual potential to release As and other potentially toxic elements as well as the hazardousness derived from this mine waste and the geochemical-mineralogical mechanism that influence such mobilization has not been assessed yet. Through the detailed physicochemical and mineralogical characterization (X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy), this novel study shows that jarosite and arsenolite are the key mineral phases controlling the potential release and arsenic mobilization and therefore the hazardousness of the mining wastes. What is more, from pH and acid base accounting results, it has been found that 35 % of the analyzed samples maintain basic to near-neutral conditions due to the neutralizing potential of aluminosilicates (feldspar, muscovite, etc.), while in the remaining 65 % of analyzed samples, the mineral composition is not enough to neutralize the generated acidity; hence, those samples present the potential of generating acid mine drainage, and consequently, they are considered hazardous.
机译：在拉丁美洲的许多国家（包括墨西哥），水和土壤中的砷和其他有毒元素可能具有天然的地质成因。然而，人为活动（特别是在矿区）触发了金属（金属）的迁移（主要是通过酸性矿山的排水），加剧了环境污染问题。在墨西哥下加利福尼亚州苏尔州圣安东尼奥市的El Triunfo矿区（SA-ET MD），200年的间歇性采矿活动使大约80万吨的矿山废料散布在SA-ET地区的400 km 2内。该地区的一些环境研究假设采矿废料是地下水污染的主要来源（不考虑地热源）。此外，最近的研究表明，该地区的污染是由于风和不规则降雨造成的季节性侵蚀造成的。然而，尚未评估释放砷和其他潜在有毒元素的实际潜力以及这种矿山废物产生的危害以及影响这种动员的地球化学-矿物学机制。通过详细的理化和矿物学表征（X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜），这项新颖的研究表明，黄钾铁矾和毒砂岩是控制潜在释放和砷移动的关键矿物相，因此是采矿废物的危害性。此外，从pH和酸碱的计算结果来看，发现有35％的样品由于铝硅酸盐（长石，白云母等）的中和潜力而保持了碱性至中性状态。 65％的分析样品中，矿物成分不足以中和生成的酸度；因此，这些样品具有产生酸性矿井排水的潜力，因此被认为是危险的。

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