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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental earth sciences >Structural interpretation and geo-hazard assessment of a locking line: 2005 Kashmir earthquake, western Himalayas
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Structural interpretation and geo-hazard assessment of a locking line: 2005 Kashmir earthquake, western Himalayas

机译：锁定线的结构解释和地质灾害评估：2005年喜马拉雅西部克什米尔地震

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The 08 October 2005, magnitude (Mw) 06 Kashmir earthquake occurred along the Balakot-Bagh fault (BBF) with about 30A degrees dip toward NE in the internal part of the western Himalayas in north Pakistan. It was accompanied by a ground rupture of about 75 km with an average slip of about 5 m along the causative fault. The epicenter of the thrust was located at about 19 km to the NE of its surface trace in Muzaffarabad with about 11 km depth of the hypocenter. The geometry of the fault based on a structural cross section has allowed us to interpret it as a thrust restricted to a roof sequence along a triangle zone across the Hazara-Kashmir syntaxis (HKS). The triangle zone is occupied at depth by a wedge of the Higher Himalayan Sequence (HHS) in the core zone of the HKS. The core-wedge is bounded between the NE-dipping BBF and SE- to SW-dipping thrust stack of the Lesser Himalayan Sequence (LHS) along the northeastern and southwestern limb of the HKS, respectively. Based on surface geology, the overlapping BBF and MBT are interpreted to merge at depth in a roof thrust of Pre-Cambrian (Late Proterozoic) rocks above a duplex which is inferred to have a floor thrust in Early Proterozoic/Archean rocks. The core-wedge is located over a ramp which is connected to the floor thrust in the basement. The BBF is inferred to be active, at least since 1-0.5 Ma, with recurrence interval of about 625 +/- A 125 years. This out-of-sequence deformation is represented by linear seismicity, both along emergent and blind thrusts in the system, with likelihood of major events as a result of strain buildup due to slow convergence rates (7 mm/year) in the region. Many towns located along the active fault trace were destroyed or largely damaged due to the earthquake. Major destruction of human dwellings and infrastructure occurred as a consequence of earthquake-triggered landslides, mostly along fault, high river terraces, and road cuts. To minimize future damages in earthquake-prone areas, several mitigation measures are suggested including: (1) avoiding new settlements near the fault trace and landslide susceptible areas, (2) establishment of new township schemes in relatively safer areas with earthquake-sustainable structural designs, and (3) extensive forestation for slope stability, erosion control, and provision of wood for flexible earthquake-resistant structures. The measures are needed for the sustainable development of the region.
机译：2005年10月8日，克什米尔大地震（Mw）06发生在巴拉科特-Bagh断层（BBF）上，巴基斯坦北部喜马拉雅山西部向东北倾斜约30A度。伴随着约75 km的地面破裂，沿致病性断层平均滑移约5 m。推力的震中位于穆扎法拉巴德其表面轨迹的东北约19 km，震源深度约11 km。基于结构横截面的断层几何形状使我们可以将其解释为仅限于沿着Hazara-Kashmir句法（HKS）的三角形区域沿屋顶序列的顶替。三角形区域在深度上被HKS核心区域中的高喜马拉雅层序（HHS）楔形占据。核心楔块分别位于沿HKS东北和西南边缘的小喜马拉雅层序（LHS）的NE浸润的BBF和SE浸润到SW的逆冲推力叠层之间。根据地表地质，重叠的BBF和MBT被解释为在双叠系之上的前寒武纪（晚元古代）岩石的顶推力中深度合并，这被推断为早元古代/ Archean岩石具有底推力。芯楔位于斜坡上，该斜坡与地下室中的地面推力相连。至少从1-0.5 Ma开始，BBF被认为是活跃的，复发间隔约为625 +/- A 125年。这种无序变形是由线性地震活动性（沿系统的紧急和盲推）表示的，由于该区域的收敛速度较慢（7毫米/年），由于应变积聚而导致发生重大事件的可能性。活动地震道沿线的许多城镇由于地震而遭到破坏或严重破坏。地震引发的山体滑坡，主要是沿断层，高河阶地和道路开挖，造成了人类住所和基础设施的重大破坏。为了使地震多发地区的未来损失最小化，建议采取几种缓解措施，包括：（1）避免在断层迹线和滑坡易感区域附近建立新的居民点；（2）在相对安全的地区建立具有地震可持续结构设计的新乡镇计划（3）进行广泛的造林，以确保边坡的稳定性，控制侵蚀，并为柔性的抗震结构提供木材。区域可持续发展需要采取措施。

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