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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Geology >Analysis of spatio-temporal variability of surface-groundwater interactions in the Gharehsoo river basin, Iran, using a coupled SWAT- MODFLOW model
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Analysis of spatio-temporal variability of surface-groundwater interactions in the Gharehsoo river basin, Iran, using a coupled SWAT- MODFLOW model

机译：利用SWAT-MODFLOW耦合模型分析伊朗加勒索河流域地表-地下水相互作用的时空变化

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摘要

Although groundwater and surface water are often treated as individual water compartments in hydrological cycle studies, they essentially originate from one source. Such a split approach restricts the optimal usages of these water resources in several water management applications. The present study aims to shed light on the complex interaction of surface-groundwater interactions in terms of groundwater recharge from drainage network towards the adjacent aquafer and conversely, groundwater discharge from the aquifer towards the drainage network in the Gharehsoo River Basin (GRB), with the enclosed Ardabil aquifer, located in northwest Iran. To that end, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), as the surface hydrological model was fully coupled with the latest version of the Modular Three-Dimensional Finite-Difference Groundwater Flow (MODFLOW-NWT) (Newton-Raphson Technique to improve the solutions of unconfined groundwater-flow problems). The total study period, i.e. 1978-2012 was split into two intervals for calibration (1988-2012) and validation (1978-1987). To facilitate and expedite the calibration of the coupled model, first we calibrated SWAT and MODFLOW-NWT independently against the observed streamflow and groundwater head time series, respectively. Afterwards, we recalibrated the coupled model SWAT-MODFLOW. To link these two models, the surface and sub-surface water flow components are exchanged between the Disaggregated Hydrological Response Units (DHRUs) of SWAT with the MODFLOW-NWT' grid cells. In addition, three more flow components are sequentially exchanged: the deep percolation from SWAT to MODFLOW-NWT, baseflow/groundwater discharge from MODFLOW-NWT to SWAT, and the river heads from SWAT to MODFLOW-NWT. The results of the application show that the coupled model satisfactorily, quantified by R(2)0.5, simulates streamflow and particularly, groundwater heads. In fact, both observations and simulations indicate that, owing to an ongoing overexploitation of the aquifer, heads havebeen decreased steadily over the studied period which has led to a parallel decline of the groundwater storage. Moreover, the analysis of the stream-aquifer exchange flows indicates that groundwater discharge towards the stream-network (effluent conditions) is orders of magnitude higher than the opposite process (influent conditions). In addition, findings reveal that many of the tributaries across the GRB have shifted from a perennial regime to ephemeral/intermittent system over the past decades. The provided and well-tested coupled model would be a viable asset to assess a wide range of plausible scenarios to identify most effective and practical water resource management schemes to recover the severely depleted surface water and groundwater resources of the GRB.
机译：尽管在水文循环研究中，地下水和地表水通常被视为单独的水室，但它们本质上源于一种来源。这种拆分方法限制了在几种水管理应用程序中这些水资源的最佳使用。本研究旨在阐明地表水相互作用的复杂性，包括从排水管网向邻近的含水层补给地下水，以及相反地，从Gharehsoo流域（GRB）的含水层向排水管网排放地下水，以及位于伊朗西北部的封闭的Ardabil含水层。为此，作为表面水文模型的土壤和水评估工具（SWAT）与最新版本的模块化三维有限差分地下水流（MODFLOW-NWT）（牛顿-拉夫森技术）进行了全面改进。解决无限制的地下水流问题）。将整个研究期（即1978-2012年）分为两个时间段，分别进行校准（1988-2012年）和验证（1978-1987年）。为了促进和加快耦合模型的校准，首先我们分别针对观测到的水流和地下水位时间序列分别校准了SWAT和MODFLOW-NWT。之后，我们重新校准了耦合模型SWAT-MODFLOW。为了链接这两个模型，在SWAT的分解水文响应单元（DHRU）与MODFLOW-NWT'网格单元之间交换了地表水和地下水流分量。此外，依次交换了另外三个流量分量：从SWAT到MODFLOW-NWT的深层渗滤，从MODFLOW-NWT到SWAT的基流/地下水排放以及从SWAT到MODFLOW-NWT的河源头。应用程序的结果表明，耦合模型令人满意地由R（2）0.5量化，可以模拟水流，尤其是地下水头。实际上，无论是观察还是模拟都表明，由于对含水层的持续过度开采，在研究期间水头稳定下降，这导致地下水储量平行下降。此外，对流水-含水层交换流的分析表明，向流网的地下水排放（出水条件）比相反过程（进水条件）高出几个数量级。此外，研究结果表明，在过去的几十年中，整个GRB的许多支流已经从多年制过渡到临时/间歇性体系。提供并经过良好测试的耦合模型将是可行的资产，可以评估各种可能的情况，从而确定最有效和最实用的水资源管理方案，以回收GRB严重枯竭的地表水和地下水资源。

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