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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental history >Environmental Consequences of the Peace: The Great War, Dammed Lakes, and Hydraulic History in the Eastern Alps
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Environmental Consequences of the Peace: The Great War, Dammed Lakes, and Hydraulic History in the Eastern Alps

机译：和平的环境后果：伟大的战争，受阻的湖泊和东阿尔卑斯山的水力历史

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This article examines hydropower development in early twentieth-century Bavaria to suggest the importance of peace settlements in the environmental history of war. At the turn of the twentieth century, the Alpine lake Walchensee became the center of plans to transform the Alpine lake into a reservoir. At this time, engineers across the Alps recommended converting high-altitude lakes into reservoirs. The new infrastructure would deepen the hydroelectric transition in the Alps, enabling the substitution of hydro for coal and expanding water power's role in the electricity supply. Despite the Bavarian state's determination to take advantage of the Walchensee's energy storage capabilities, societal and political opposition brought the project to a standstill on the eve of the First World War. The pressure of total war subsequently convinced Bavarians to move forward; however, crises accompanying the peace settlement of Versailles-above all Germany's loss of coal reserves due to territorial changes-ensured that Bavaria finally broke ground on the facility in the postwar period. The Walchensee reservoir did fulfill some of its energy promises, but only at the price of dramatic environmental change. The new landscape of energy storage disrupted ecological and human communities alike. Only in the post-World War II period did Bavarians consider revising aspects of this environmental legacy of Versailles.
机译：本文考察了20世纪初巴伐利亚的水电开发，以表明和平解决方案在战争环境史中的重要性。在20世纪初，高山湖Walchensee成为将高山湖转变为水库的计划中心。目前，阿尔卑斯山的工程师建议将高海拔的湖泊转变为水库。新的基础设施将加深阿尔卑斯山的水力发电过渡，使水能替代煤炭，并扩大水力在电力供应中的作用。尽管巴伐利亚州决心利用Walchensee的储能能力，但在第一次世界大战前夕，社会和政治反对派使该项目陷入停顿。全面战争的压力随后说服了巴伐利亚人前进。然而，伴随着凡尔赛和平解决的危机-高于德国因领土变化而失去的煤炭储量-确保巴伐利亚在战后时期最终在该设施上破土动工。 Walchensee水库确实履行了其部分能源承诺，但仅以急剧的环境变化为代价。储能的新格局破坏了生态和人类社区。巴伐利亚人只有在第二次世界大战后才考虑修订凡尔赛宫的环境遗产。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental history》 |2015年第3期|422-448|共27页
  • 作者

    Landry Marc;

  • 作者单位

    Utah State Univ, Dept Hist, Logan, UT 84322 USA;

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