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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental history >Fleeing the Flowing Commons: Robert Thorn, Water Reservoir Schemes, and the Shift to Steam Power in Early Nineteenth-Century Britain
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Fleeing the Flowing Commons: Robert Thorn, Water Reservoir Schemes, and the Shift to Steam Power in Early Nineteenth-Century Britain

机译：逃离流动的共同体：罗伯特·索恩（Robert Thorn），水库计划和19世纪初英国向蒸汽动力的转变

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摘要

Inthe 1820sand 1830s, British industry faced a choice between two energy sources to fuel its expansion: water and coal. A series of water reservoir schemes were proposed to scale up the power capacity of rivers in the central manufacturing districts, but the schemes with the largest potentials were never realized. Instead, the industry veered toward steam power, fatefully linking self-sustaining growth to the combustion of coal for mechanical energy. This article presents the first inquiry into the fate of the reservoir schemes. It describes the work of Robert Thorn, leading Scottish engineer, champion of water, and critic of steam, and traces the fate of several plans in Lancashire. It demonstrates that water, contrary to the dominant narrative of coal in the Industrial Revolution, was consistently the cheaper alternative. The reservoir schemes had the drawback of obliging manufacturers to coordinate their energy consumption, submit to planning, and contribute to collective funding of construction work. In an environment of free competition, this ultimately proved unfeasible. This raises questions on the perception of the role of energy in the Industrial Revolution, as well as of the prerequisites for a future transition to renewable energy sources.
机译：在1820年代和1830年代，英国工业面临两种能源供选择，以推动其发展：水和煤炭。提出了一系列蓄水方案以扩大中央制造区的河流发电能力，但潜力最大的方案却从未实现。取而代之的是，该行业转向了蒸汽动力，将自给自足的增长与机械能的煤炭燃烧联系在一起。本文提出了对储层方案命运的首次调查。它描述了苏格兰首席工程师，水的拥护者和蒸汽评论家罗伯特·索恩的工作，并追溯了兰开夏郡的数项计划的命运。它表明，与工业革命中煤炭占主导地位的说法相反，水始终是更便宜的选择。水库计划的缺点是迫使制造商协调能源消耗，服从计划并为建筑工程提供集体资金。在自由竞争的环境中，这最终被证明是不可行的。这对人们对能源在工业革命中的作用以及未来向可再生能源过渡的前提提出了质疑。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental history》 |2014年第1期|55-77|共23页
  • 作者

    Andreas Malm;

  • 作者单位

    Lund University,Sweden;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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