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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental law >THE CLIMATE NECESSITY DEFENSE: PROTECTING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE U.S. CLIMATE POLICY DEBATE IN A WORLD OF SHRINKING OPTIONS
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THE CLIMATE NECESSITY DEFENSE: PROTECTING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE U.S. CLIMATE POLICY DEBATE IN A WORLD OF SHRINKING OPTIONS

机译：气候必要性防御：在紧缩的选择世界中保护美国的气候政策辩论中的公众参与

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Scholars have documented how, since 1989, the climate change counter-movement, a densely connected and well-funded network of fossil fuel industry members and their allies, has worked to stymie government action on climate change. Recent allegations that key actors in the climate change counter-movement, including Exxon Mobil, actively misled the public on the science of climate change have given rise to litigation and investigations by states' attorneys general. At the same time, climate protesters have been facing violence, harassment, and legislative crackdowns. Some climate protesters facing criminal charges for civil disobedience are attempting to use the climate necessity defense in court. The essential thrust of the climate necessity defense, an affirmative defense to criminal charges arising from civil disobedience, is that the harm of the defendants' disobedience is far outweighed by the harms being protested. This Essay sketches some initial connections between the influence of the ch'mate change counter-movement, the crackdown on climate protesters, and the importance of the climate necessity defense. In doing so, it highlights the shrinking options available to members of the public to participate in the debate over climate policy, underscoring why some might feel compelled to engage in civil disobedience. Finally, it briefly discusses the climate necessity defense and argues that it is an important tool to help ensure the U.S. pubhc has an effective voice in climate policy.
机译：学者们记录了自1989年以来，气候变化对策是一个紧密相连，资金充裕的化石燃料行业成员及其盟友网络，如何阻止政府在气候变化方面的行动。最近有关埃克森美孚（Exxon Mobil）等气候变化反动行动的主要行为者在气候变化科学方面误导公众的指控已引起各州总检察长的诉讼和调查。同时，气候抗议者一直面临暴力，骚扰和立法镇压。一些气候抗议者因公民抗命而面临刑事指控，他们试图在法庭上使用气候必要性辩护。气候必要性辩护的基本要旨是对公民抗命所产生的刑事指控的肯定辩护，即被抗辩的危害远远超过了被告抗命的危害。这篇论文勾勒出人们之间的联系变化，对气候抗议者的镇压以及对气候必要性防御的重要性之间的一些初步联系。在此过程中，它着重强调了可供公众参与气候政策辩论的选项越来越多，强调了为什么有些人可能被迫参与公民抗命。最后，它简要讨论了气候必要性防御，并认为这是帮助确保美国公众在气候政策中具有有效声音的重要工具。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental law》 |2019年第1期|249-262|共14页
  • 作者

    Grace Nosek;

  • 作者单位

    Peter A. Allard School of Law;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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