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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental law >LEVERAGING MANDATORY LICENSING UNDER THE CLEAN AIR ACT - A NOVEL FRAMEWORK TO DOMESTIC REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GASES
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LEVERAGING MANDATORY LICENSING UNDER THE CLEAN AIR ACT - A NOVEL FRAMEWORK TO DOMESTIC REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GASES

机译：利用“清洁空气法”下的强制性许可 - 一种新颖的国内温室气体框架框架

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摘要

With climate change looming closer to the tipping point each day, and the United States government unable to pass any form of a comprehensive climate action policy, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must step up to fill this void. At this time, many environmentally beneficial technologies exist that can mitigate climate change. For instance, many fossil-fuel companies hold patents to some of the most promising carbon neutral or carbon negative technologies. Unfortunately, the Patent Act does not require that these technologies be put into practice. This Comment proposes a two-step framework that leverages a never-utilized provision of the Clean Air Act, the Mandatory Licensing provision, and the EPA's authority to regulate greenhouse gases under the New Source Performance Standards, to fill the void left by the absence of a comprehensive federal climate action policy. The two-step framework this Comment proposes relies on the EPA's existing authority and agency deference in regulating greenhouse gases from fossil-fuel electric generation plants. First, the EPA utilizes a statutorily authorized pathway to regulate carbon dioxide emissions based on the availability of carbon-capture technologies. And second, the EPA invokes the Mandatory Licensing provision to provide accessibility to the carbon-capture technologies in the marketplace. This Comment explores anticipated industry-based challenges to the proposed technology-based emission reduction standards and analyzes the potential impacts that invoking (or threatening to invoke) the Mandatory Licensing provision may have on the technology market and regulated industries. In addition, the Comment considers the potential to deter monopolistic behavior and how the market may proactively take control to avoid government intrusion and facilitate technology transfer at reasonable licensing fees. The Comment concludes with a brief review of a similarly stringent air pollution regulation that affected the fossil-fuel electricity generating industry and how this proposed framework may play out in light of that previous regulation. With no comprehensive climate change policy, the EPA should establish a steep carbon dioxide emissions regulation of fossil-fuel electric generating facilities. To anticipate and counter industry claims of inaccessible technologies and to deter anticompetitive behavior, the EPA should leverage its full authority and invoke the Mandatory Licensing provision. Such an action would ensure technology transfer and reasonable licensing of critical patented technologies.
机译：随着气候变化的迫使每天更接近倾斜点，而美国政府无法通过任何形式的全面气候行动政策，环境保护局（EPA）必须加紧填补这个空虚。此时，存在许多环境有益技术，可以减轻气候变化。例如，许多化石燃料公司将专利持有一些最有前景的碳中性或碳负技术。不幸的是，专利法不要求这些技术付诸实践。该评论提出了一个两步的框架，利用了永不利用的清洁空气法，强制许可规定和EPA的权力在新的来源标准下规范温室气体，以缺乏缺乏留下的空白全面的联邦气候行动政策。这项评论的两步框架提出依赖于EPA现行的权力和机构尊重在化石燃料发电厂调节温室气体。首先，EPA利用法定授权的途径来规范二氧化碳排放，基于碳捕获技术的可用性。其次，EPA调用强制性许可规定，为市场中的碳捕获技术提供可访问性。此评论探讨了基于行业的基于行业的挑战，以拟议的基于技术的减排标准，并分析了调用（或威胁援引）的潜在影响，该潜在影响强制许可规定可能对技术市场和监管行业有所存在。此外，该评论考虑了阻止垄断行为以及市场如何主动控制，以避免政府入侵，并促进合理许可费的技术转移。评论的结论是，对一个类似严格的空气污染调节，影响了化石燃料发电行业以及如何根据先前的监管来发挥这种框架。对于无综合气候变化政策，EPA应建立陡峭的二氧化碳排放调节化石燃料发电设施。为了预测和抵消难以接近的技术声称并阻止矛盾的行为，EPA应利用其全部权限，并调用强制性许可规定。这样的行动将确保技术转移和关键专利技术的合理许可。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental law》 |2021年第1期|301-332|共32页
  • 作者

    JESSICA BERNARDINI;

  • 作者单位

    Lewis & Clark Law School;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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