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Adaptation as a Political Process: Adjusting to Drought and Conflict in Kenya's Drylands

机译：适应作为政治进程：适应肯尼亚干旱地区的干旱和冲突

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In this article, we argue that people's adjustments to multiple shocks and changes, such as conflict and drought, are intrinsically political processes that have uneven outcomes. Strengthening local adaptive capacity is a critical component of adapting to climate change. Based on fieldwork in two areas in Kenya, we investigate how people seek to access livelihood adjustment options and promote particular adaptation interests through forming social relations and political alliances to influence collective decision-making. First, we find that, in the face of drought and conflict, relations are formed among individuals, politicians, customary institutions, and government administration aimed at retaining or strengthening power bases in addition to securing material means of survival. Second, national economic and political structures and processes affect local adaptive capacity in fundamental ways, such as through the unequal allocation of resources across regions, development policy biased against pasto-ralism, and competition for elected political positions. Third, conflict is part and parcel of the adaptation process, not just an external factor inhibiting local adaptation strategies. Fourth, there are relative winners and losers of adaptation, but whether or not local adjustments to drought and conflict compound existing inequalities depends on power relations at multiple geographic scales that shape how conflicting interests are negotiated locally. Climate change adaptation policies are unlikely to be successful orrnminimize inequity unless the political dimensions of local adaptation are considered; however, existing power structures and conflicts of interests represent political obstacles to developing such policies.
机译：在本文中，我们认为人们对多种冲击和变化（如冲突和干旱）的调整是内在的政治过程，其结果不均衡。加强当地的适应能力是适应气候变化的关键组成部分。基于在肯尼亚两个地区的实地调查，我们调查了人们如何寻求通过形成社会关系和政治联盟来影响集体决策的途径来获得生计调整选择并促进特殊的适应利益。首先，我们发现，面对干旱和冲突，个人，政客，习俗机构和政府行政部门之间建立了关系，旨在维护或加强权力基础，同时又要确保物质生存手段。第二，国家经济和政治结构和进程从根本上影响地方的适应能力，例如通过跨地区资源分配不均，偏向于田园主义的发展政策以及对民选政治职位的竞争。第三，冲突是适应过程的重要组成部分，而不仅仅是限制局部适应策略的外部因素。第四，适应有相对的赢家和输家，但是对干旱和冲突的局部调整是否会加剧现有的不平等状况，取决于在多个地理尺度上的权力关系，这些权力关系决定了如何在地方进行利益冲突的谈判。除非考虑到地方适应的政治层面，否则气候变化适应政策不太可能成功或将不平等最小化；但是，现有的权力结构和利益冲突是制定此类政策的政治障碍。

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