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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Management >Improvements on Flood Alleviation in Germany: Lessons Learned from the Elbe Flood in August 2002
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Improvements on Flood Alleviation in Germany: Lessons Learned from the Elbe Flood in August 2002

机译：德国减轻洪灾的改进：2002年8月易北河洪水的教训

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摘要

The increase in damage due to natural disasters is directly related to the number of people who live and work in hazardous areas and continuously accumulate assets. Therefore, land use planning authorities have to manage effectively the establishment and development of settlements in flood-prone areas in order to avoid the further increase of vulnerable assets. Germany faced major destruction during the flood in August 2002 in the Elbe and Danube catchments, and many changes have been suggested in the existing German water and planning regulations. This article presents some findings of a "Lessons Learned" study that was carried out in the aftermath of the flood and discusses the following topics: 1) the establishment of comprehensive hazard maps and flood protection concepts, 2) the harmonization of regulations of flood protection at the federal level, 3) the communication of the flood hazard and awareness strategies, and 4) how damage potential can be minimized through measures of area precaution such as resettlement and risk-adapted land use. Although attempts towards a coordinated and harmonized creation of flood hazard maps and concepts have been made, there is still no uniform strategy at all planning levels and for all states (Laender) of the Federal Republic of Germany. The development and communication of possible mitigation strategies for "unthinkable extreme events" beyond the common safety level of a 100-year flood are needed. In order to establish a sustainable and integrated flood risk management, interdisciplinary and catchment-based approaches are needed.
机译：自然灾害造成的损失增加与在危险地区生活和工作并不断积累资产的人数直接相关。因此，土地使用规划主管部门必须有效管理洪水多发地区的居民点的建立和发展，以避免脆弱资产的进一步增加。在2002年8月易北河和多瑙河流域的洪灾期间，德国面临着重大破坏，德国现行的水和规划法规提出了许多修改建议。本文介绍了洪水后进行的“经验教训”研究的一些发现，并讨论了以下主题：1）建立全面的灾害图和防洪概念； 2）协调防洪法规在联邦一级，3）传达洪水灾害和提高认识的策略，以及4）如何通过区域预防措施（如移民和适应风险的土地使用）来最大程度地减少潜在破坏。尽管已经进行了尝试以协调一致的方式创建洪水灾害图和概念，但是在德意志联邦共和国的所有规划级别以及所有州（劳恩德）仍然没有统一的策略。需要开发和传达可能的缓解策略，以应对“不可想象的极端事件”，使其超过100年洪水的共同安全水平。为了建立可持续的综合洪水风险管理，需要采用跨学科和基于流域的方法。

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